BIOLOGY Digestive - July 15
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Created by:
annabsheff on July 17, 2011
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 digestive system | Breaks down food into smaller parts that are more easily absorbed in the bloodstream |
| digestive system | allows the body to nourish the cells |
| mouth | beginning of the digestive tract |
| taking the first bite of food | Digestion starts when...? |
| chewing | breaks down the food into smaller pieces |
| saliva | mixes with the food and breaks it down into a form more easily absorbed by the body |
| you swallow | Food is received when...? |
| peristalsis | Muscular contractions that push the food down the esophagus into the stomach |
| stomach | hollow organ that holds the food that is received by the esophagus |
| stomach | holds the food while it is mixed with enzymes that help break it down |
| strong acids | What is secreted in the stomach to help digest food? |
| moves to the small intestine | When food is processed, it...? |
| small intestine | Most of the digestion takes place here |
| small intestine | Divided into three sections |
| duodenum, ileum, jejenum | three sections of the small intestine |
| duodenum | receives bile and enzymes from the pancreas and liver |
| duodenum | responsible for continuing the breakdown of food into the body |
| ileum and jejunem | absorb nutrients into bloodstream |
| pancreas | secretes digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats |
| pancreas | makes insulin |
| insulin | chief hormone for metabolizing sugar |
| liver | processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestine |
| bile from the liver | important in the digestion of fat in the small intestine |
| liver | takes raw materials absorbed by the small intestine and makes all the various chemicals that the body needs |
| liver | detoxifies potentially harmful chemicals (alcohol) and breaks down and secretes drugs |
| gallbladder | stores and concentrates bile |
| gallbladder | releases bile into duodenum to help with digestion |
| colon | another name for the large intestine |
| large intestine | transports waste out of the body |
| cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon | five parts of the large intestine |
| large intestine | reabsorbs water (and the minerals it contains) back into the bloodstream |
| food debris and bacteria | feces is made mostly up of...? |
| 36 hours | Approximate amount of time it takes for feces to move through the colon |
| sigmoid colon | connects to the rectum and empties feces into the rectum when full |
| rectum | receives stool from the colon and holds it until removed |
| rectum | lets the person know there is stool to be evacuated |
| sphincter | in the anus, contracts when the person does not want to release gas/stool, relaxes when releasing them |
| anus | last part of the digestive tract |
| anus | comprised of a two-inch-long tube and two sphincters |
| internal and external | two types of sphincters |
| anus | surrounded by sphincter muscles that control stool |
| specialized lining in the anus | detects rectal contents (gas, liquid, solid) |
| internal sphincter | always tight, unless stool is in rectum |
| external sphincter | holds stool until the person is ready to release the contents |
| stomach cancer | starts in any part of the stomach |
| stomach cancer | exact cause is unknown |
| stomach cancer | risk factors: alcohol, tobacco, 55 or older, previous stomach surgery, male, type A blood |
| stomach cancer | symptoms: indigestion, heartburn, pain in abdomen, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or constipation |
| ulcer | open sore or lesion, usually found on the skin or mucus membrane areas of the body |
| stomach ulcers | primary cause: bacteria called Helicobacter pylori |
| stomach ulcers | risk factors: smoking, caffiene, alcohol, emotional or physical stress, acid and pepsin |
| stomach ulcers | symptoms: belching, nausea, vomiting |
| stomach ulcers | treatment: lifestyle changes, surgery, medication, antibiotics |
| mechanical digestion | physically break food down into smaller pieces, purpose is to increase surface area |
| chemical digestion | breaking the macromolecules into their monomers |
| absorption | taking nutrients into the bloodstream |
| mechanical | what type of digestion do the teeth and tongue use? |
| chemical | what type of digestion do the salivary glands use? |
| saliva | contains amylase |
| amylase | enzyme that breaks down starches |
| bolus | food after it's been chewed and mixed with saliva |
| mechanical | what type of digestion does hydrochloric acid use? |
| chemical, proteins | what type of digestion does pepsin use? |
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