| Term | Definition |
| active transport | the act of moving a molecule 'up' the concentration gradient |
| sodium-potassium pump | a carrier protein that transports 3 Na molecules out of and 2 K molecules into the cell |
| endocytosis | the process by which cells 'swallow' external liquid and macromolecules into themselves to form vesicles |
| pinocytosis | the transport of solutes or fluids into the cell |
| phagocytosis | the transport of large particles or whole cells into the cell |
| phagocytes | cells that allow lysosomes to fuse with vesicles containing bacteria or viruses |
| exocytosis | the process by which the cell releases substances through vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane |