| Term | Definition |
|---|
| a zygote with 46 chromosomes | In human sexual reproduction, a male haploid gamete and a female haploid gamete unite to from what? |
| sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual are called |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content are called what? |
| Mitosis | What occurs immediately after the synthesis phase? |
| DNA synthesis (G2) checkpoint | DNA replication is checked during what? |
| gametes | An organism's reproductive cells, such as sperm or egg cells, are called what? |
| binary fission | A form of asexual reproduction in bacteria (prokaryotes) is called what? |
| synapsis | A pairing of homologous chromosomes that occurs in meiosis but not mitosis is called what? |
| chromosome | At the beginning of cell division, DNA and the proteins associated with the DNA coil into a structure called what? |
| chromatids | The two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome are called what? |
| centromere | The two chromatids of a chromosome are attached at a point called what? |
| diploid | When a cell contains two sets of chromosomes it is called what? |
| haploid | When a cell contains one set of chromosomes it is called what? |
| oogenesis | One gamete is formed during what? |
| karyotype | A photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell, arranged by size is called what? |
| cell cycle | The repeated sequence of growth during the life of a cell is called what? |
| interphase | The time between cell divisions is called what? |
| mitosis | What is the process during which the nucleus of a cell doubles into two nuclei? |
| cytokinesis | The process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides is called what? |
| cancer | What is the uncontrolled division of cells? |
| spindle fibers | Cell structures that are made of individual microtubule fibers that are involved in moving chromosomes during cell division are called what? |
| chromatid | What is each identical half of a chromosome called? |
| histones | What are the proteins that provide shape and structure for DNA called? |
| prokaryote | What contains of only one chromosome and a circular DNA structure? |
| 22 | How many pairs of homologous autosomes exist? |
| binary fission | What is occurring when the DNA is copied, the cell is dividing, the membrane develops between nuclei, mass increases, and the cell pinches in half to make 2 new cells in prokaryotes? |
| mitosis | What is asexual reproduction of non sex cells called? |
| interphase | What is the process where respiration, growth, protein synthesis occurs, where genetic material is duplicated, and where the cell prepares for cell division called? |
| prophase | What is the process of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappears, where chromatin condenses to become chromosomes, and where spindle starts to form called? |
| metaphase | What is the process in mitosis where chromatins line up, where each centromere attaches to spindle fiber , and where the centromere divides called? |
| anaphase | What is the process in mitosis called when each chromatid is considered one chromosome? |
| telophase | What is the process in mitosis where the nuclear envelops reform, where chromosomes turn to chromatin, and the nucleus reappears called? |
| cytokinesis | What is the absolute final stage in Mitosis called where the cleavage furrow in animals pinch off the cell membrane and where a cell plate forms in plants called? |
| meiosis | Gametes form during what? |
| synapsis | What is the pairing of homologous chromosomes called? |
| anaphase I | In what phase of meoisis do homologous chromosomes seperate? |
| Telophase I | In what phase in meiosis do chromosomes arrive at spindle poles, where the nuclear envelope reforms, where each cell has one of each homologous chromosome, and where cytokinesis occurs to split cells? |
| no | Is there interphase in meiosis? |
| Prophase II | In what phase of meiosis do chromosomes shorten and thicken and no duplication occurs? |
| metaphase I | In what phase in meiosis do spindle fibers attach to centromeres? |
| 4 | During cytokinesis how many cells are formed? |
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