Micro lab study guide:)
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177 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The IMViC test was developed as a means of separating members Iof the ? | Enterobacteriaceae |
| enterobacteria are also called? | Enterics |
| The IMViC is use to see if there is blank was contaminated by blank | Water, sewage |
| The IMViC test particulary For | Coliforms |
| The IMViC test are how many test? | Four |
| I in IMViC stands for | Indole |
| The indolence test test for | Tryptophan |
| M in IMViC test for | Methyl red |
| Methyl red test for | Acid production from glucose |
| V in IMViC stands for | voges-proskauer |
| Voges-proskauer test for | Production of acetoin from glucose |
| c in iMViC stands | Citrate |
| Citrate test for | The use of citrate as the sole carbon source |
| Escherichia Coli usually test blank for indolence, blank for methyl red, blank voges-proskauer, and blank for citrate | Positive, positive, negative, negative |
| Citrobacter freudii usually test blank for indolence, blank for methyl red, blank voges-proskauer, and blank for citrate | Negative, positive, negative, positive |
| Enterobacter aerogenes usually test blank for indolence, blank for methyl red, blank voges-proskauer, and blank for citrate | Negative, negative, positive, positive |
| Enterobacter cloacae | Negative, negative, positive, positive, |
| Serrate marcescens usually test blank for indolence, blank for methyl red, blank voges-proskauer, and blank for citrate | Neagtive, positive but can be negative, positive, positive |
| Roteus vulgariS usually test blank for indolence, blank for methyl red, blank voges-proskauer, and blank for citrate | Postive, positive, negative, negative |
| Proteus mirabilis | Negative , positive, negative but can be positive , positive |
| This has been developed that provide a large number of results from one inoculation | Rapid identification methods |
| Examples of rapid identification methods | Enterotube 2 and API 20E |
| What test are used to identifying oxidase-negative, gram - negative bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae | enterotube 2 and API 20E |
| enterotube 2 is divided into into blank compartments, each containing a different substrate in blank | 12, agar |
| Test used to identify oxidase-positive, gram-negative rods | oxi/Ferm |
| API 20E consists of blank micro tubes containing blank substrates. | 20, dehydrated |
| The substrates in API 20E are rehydrated by adding | Bacterial suspension |
| No culturing beyond the initial blank is necessary with rapid identification systems. | Isolation |
| Rapid identifiacation systems is as blank as conventional test-tube methods | Accurate |
| Computerized analysis of test results increases accuracy bc each test is given a? | Point value |
| Test that are more important than others are given | More points |
| iMViC test are given blank points | Equal |
| As commercial identification systems are developed, they can provide better standardization, in blank because they overcome the limitations of hunting through a blank, preparing blank, and blank test within a laboratory or between different laboratories. | Identification, key, media, evaluating |
| Benefits of enterics | Help protect GI tract from infection, some produce vitamins |
| Gram negative, bacilli, facultative | Enterics |
| Similarities between coliform and non coliforms | Both enterics |
| Coliform | Can ferment lactose |
| Non coliform | Cant ferment lactose |
| microorganisms that may be present for a few days or months in the body | transient microbia |
| at one time, bacteria and fungi were thought to be blank thus called blank | plants, flora |
| realtionship between mirobiota and something | symbiosis |
| one organisms benefits, one is harmed | commensal |
| both organisms benefit | mutalism |
| blank synthesis blank and blank used by a human host, this is a blank relationship | e.coli, vitamin k and folic acid |
| one organisms gain, one is harmed | parasitism |
| in the disease state, blank is parasite, and is harming its human host | microorganism |
| a microorgansim in disease state is called a | pathogen |
| microorganism that are not always parastic but can become them | opportunists |
| the route of acces to the human body | portal of entery |
| some microbes cause disease only when they gain access by the correct | portal of entry |
| the blank is an inhospital environment for most microorganisms | skin |
| the dry layers of blank that make up blank, are not easily colonized by most microbes | keratin containing cells, epidermis |
| this is secreted by oil glands and inhibits bacterial growth | sebum |
| blank in perspiration cause a blank environment | salts, hypertonic |
| perspiration and sebum are nutritive for certian microbes, this makes those microbes blank | normal microbiota |
| normal microbiota tend to resist blank and blank of the skin | drying and relatively high salt conc. |
| more bacteria are found in blank area | moist |
| bacteria of the skin would most liekly be in blank and blank, than blank and blak | axilla, side of nose, arms or legs |
| blank microbiota tend to be present on hands and arms in contact with the environment | transient |
| blank live in hair follicles on sebum from oil glands | propionibacterium |
| the blank acid that propionbacterium produces, maintins the ph of the skin between blank and blank. this blanks the growth of other bacteria | propionic acid, 3 to 5, suppreses |
| most bacteria on the skin are blank and blank | gram positive and salt tolerant |
| blank is part of the normal bacteria of the skin and is also considered a pathogen | staphylococcus aureus |
| an enzyme that coagulates the fibrin in blood | coagulase |
| staphylococcus aureus produces blank that makes it blannk | coagulase, pathogenic |
| a test for the presence of coagulase is usesd to distinguish blank for other sepecies of blank | s. aureus, staphylococcus |
| consist of the nose and throat | upper respiratory system |
| consist of laynx, trachea, bronchila tubes, and alveoli | lower respiratory system |
| the lower respiratory system is usually sterile because of the efficient functioning of | the ciliary escalator |
| the upper respiratory tract is in contact with what, which contains blank. | the air we breathe, microorganisms |
| the blank is a moist environment allowing many blank to est. residence | thoart, bacteria |
| normal bacteria in throat | Staphlycoccus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Haemophilius |
| the rate of infection in the upper resipartory is decreased by | microbial antagonism |
| micros of normal flora suppress the growth of other micros through competition for nutrients and production of inhibitory substances | microbial antagonism |
| sore thoarts | acute pharyngitis |
| species that are predominant in the throat cultures and major cause of bacterial sore thoarts | streptococcal |
| are identifies by biochemical characteristics, including hemolytic reactions, and antigenic characteristics | Streptococci |
| antigenic characteristics | Lancefileds system |
| blank reactions are based on hemolysins that are produced by blank while growing on blank | hemolytic, strepococci, blood-enriched agar |
| blood agar is usually made with blank, blank, blank | defibrinated sheep bloos(5.0%), sodium chloride(.5%), nutrient agar |
| this is used to minimize spontaneous hemolysis | sodium chloride |
| three patterens of hemolysis of blood agar | beta, alpha, gamma |
| complete hemolysis, giving a clear zone with a clean edge around the colony | beta-hemolysis |
| green, cloudy zone around the colony, partial destruction of RBC due to bacteria-produced hydrogen peroxide | alpha-hemolysis |
| no hemolysis and no change in blood agar around the colony | gamma-hemolysis |
| streptococci that are alpha and gamma are usually | normal flora |
| beta streptococci are usually | pathogens |
| streptococci can be antigenically classified into | Lancefield groups A though O |
| Lancefield groups are classified by theirs | antigens on cell walls |
| over 90% of streptococcal infections are caused by | beta hemolytic group A streptococci |
| beta hemolytic group A streptococci are assigned to the species | s. pyogenes |
| s. pyogenes is sensitive to | antibiotic bacitracin |
| used to distinguish pathogenic s. pneumonia from other alpha-hemolysis strepococci | optochin sensitivity |
| the result of hydrochloric acid produced from the blank and rapid movement in the blank cause very little | stomach, small intestine, microorganisms |
| mircobes in the large intestine exceed blank bacteria per gram of feces | 10^11 |
| most microbs in the large intestines have blank and blank relationship | mutualistic, commensals |
| some intestinal bacteria syntesis | folic acids and vitamin K |
| the normal intestinal mircobs prevent colonization of pathogenic species by producing | antimicrobial substances and competition |
| large intestine microbes are primarily | anaerobes |
| Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Eschericha, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus | anaerobes in large intestine |
| Eschericha, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus | strictly facultative anerobes in large intestine |
| most diseases if GI tract result from the ingestion of food or water that contains | pathogenic microbs |
| gram - facultative anaerobes rodes include | the enteric family |
| lactose fermentating enterics, not usually not pathogenic | coliforms |
| non lactose fermentating, usually pathogenic | salmonella and shigella |
| media used to test gi tract diseases | macconkey agar |
| macconkey agar is selective in that blank salts are inhibitory to blank organism, thus allowing the media to culture blank organisms | bile, gram +, gram - |
| MAC agar is differential in that blank organisms( also called coliforms) give blank, blank colonies. and blank organism give blank, blank colonies | lactose fermentating, red, opaque, non lactose fermentating, colorless, translucent |
| Triple Sugar Agar contains | glucose(.1), lactose(1), surcose (1), ferrous acid(.02), phenol red, nutrient agar |
| TSI agar is used after | MAC agar |
| in TSI, if the organism ferments only glucose, the blank will turn blank in a few hours | phenol red indicator, yellow |
| in TSI, the bacteria will quickly exhaust the limited supply of blank, and start oxidizing blan k blank for energy, giving off blank as an end product | glucose, amino acids, ammonia |
| oxidation of blnak blank blanks the pH, and the indicATon in the slant portion of the tube will turn back to blank, but the butt of the tube will remain blank | amino acids, increases, red, yellow |
| in TSI slant ferments lactose and/or sucrose, the butt and slant will turn blank and remain blank for days due to the increased level of blank production | yellow, yellow, acid |
| Gas production by an organism can be ascertained by the apperance of blank in TSI agar | bubbles |
| TSI can also be used to indicate whether blank has been produced due to the blank of blank amino acids | hydrogen sulfide, desulurization, sulfur-containing |
| H2S reacts with blank in the medium of TSI producing, blank, a blank percipitate | ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfide, black |
| the pressence of enterococci can be used to identify | fecal containmantion |
| fairly specific for their mammalian hosts | enterococci |
| Streptococcus faecalis in blank, s. bovis in blank, s. equinus in blank | humas, cows, horses |
| s. faecalis broth vsn be used to detect | enterococci |
| SF broth contains blank to inhibit the growth of blank. | sodium azide, gram - |
| enterococci will grow and ferment the blank in broth | glucose |
| growth and a change in the blank blank indicator from blank(6.6) to blank(5.2) may indicate the pressence of enterococci | bromcresol purple, purple, yellow, |
| tomato juice agar is an blank media used to encourage the growth of blank | enriched, lactobacilli |
| lactobacilli does not grow well on ordinary media, but its growth is enriched by the addition of blank and blank | tomato juice, peptonized milk |
| the blanl and blank systems are closely related anatomicalley and some diseases that affect the one system also affect the other, esp in blank | urinary and gential, female |
| bacteria in the uretha | Bacteroides, Mycobacterium, Neisseria, Enterics |
| Most bacteria in urine is rhe result of containmation by blank microbiota during passage | skin |
| the presence of bacteria in urine is not considered a UTI unless there are blank bacteria of one species or blank coliforms per militer of urine | >1000, >100 |
| inflammation if the urinary bladder | cystitis |
| inflammation of the kidney | pyelonephritis |
| many infections of the urinary tract are caused by blank pathogens and are related to blank contamination of the urethra and to medical procedures, such as blank | opportunistic, fecal, catherization |
| standard examination of the urine consists of plate count with blank agar for the total number of organisms, coupled wiht a streak plate of undiluted urine on blank agar | blood, MAC |
| made by voiding a small volumne from the bladder before collection, this blanks away skin microbs | midstream sample, washes |
| E.coli and Proteus are gram blank blank that commonly cause blank, they are both blank and e.coli is also blank | negative rods, cystitis, enterics, coliforms |
| MAC IS USED TO | determine coliforms/enteric/fecal contamination |
| SAB | culture yeast |
| normal flora are only in urethra if | no UTA |
| blank is actively motile and exhibits "swarimg" on solid media where the cells at the periphery move away from the main colony | Proteus |
| gram negative aerobic rod | pseudomonas |
| commonly found in soil and other enviroments | pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| can cause UTI, burn and womb infections, and abscesses in right conditions | pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| infections are characterized by blue-green pus | pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| blue pus | pyocyanin |
| extracellular, water-soluble pigment produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa | pyocyanin |
| most common STI | gonorrhea |
| gonorrhea is caused by | Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae is gram blank and blank | negative, diplococci |
| can be spread either directly or indirectly from one host to another | communicable disease |
| cause disease when the host is weaken | noncommunicable disease |
| the science that deals when and where disease occur and how they are transmitted in the human population | epidemilogy |
| constantly present in population | endemic |
| disease in population | epedmic |
| first reported patient in a disease outbreak | index case |
| one of the first steps in analyzing a disease outbreak is to | case definition |
| when microorganisms are carried on liquid drops from a cough or sneeze | droplet infection |
| contaminated inanimate objects | formites |
| insects and other arthropods that carry pathogens | vectors |
| insects carry pathigens on there feet an may transfer the pathogen to a persons food | mechanical transmission |
| transmission by an arthopods bite | biological transmission |
| continual source of infection | reservoir |
| humans who habor pathogens but who dont exhibit any signs of disease | carriers |
| show the number of cases and their date of onset | epidemic curve |
| the epidemic curve provides a BLANK display of the outbreaks blank and the time trend | visla, magnitude |
| occur between high-molecular weight, particulate antigens and anitbodies | agglutination reactions |
| clumping of cells | agglutination |
| RBC clumping | hemagglutination |
| hemagglutination occurs when blank blank is mixed with type blank RBC | anti-A antiserum, A |
| when anti-A serum is mixed with type B RBC | no hemagglutination occurs |
| Individulas are Rh positive when blank is present | D antigen |
| Rh negative inidividuals do not naturally have blank in ther sera | anti-D antibodies |
| Type blank is considered the universal donor bc this type has blank therefore it cant be rejected by any antibodes | O, NO ANITGENS |
| a specfic type of micros that requires oxygen to survive, but requires environments containong lower levels of oxygen than in atmosphere | microaerphilic |
| why did we put put a dish the in candle jar | bc streptococci are microaerophilic |
| these microns cannot break down hydrogen peroxide and surviv in normal con. od O2 | streptococci |
| a catalase breaks down | H2O2 into at and 02 |
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