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Four goals of psychology desribe explain predict change Experimental psychology 1879 1st psychololical labratory Wihelm Vundt (father of psychology) Thought processes Introspection Structuralism Edward Titchner Thought processes Introspection Functionalism Founded by William James Survival of the fittest stream of consciousness Psychological testing began Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Founded by Sigmund Freud (An absolute) sexual and agressive drives are your driving forces Importance of studying the mind Behaviorism J.B. Watson and B.F. Skinner Behavior is seen as the response to a stimulus Humanisitic Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers They believe you're not a patient but a client. Human nature is positive, creative, and growth seeking. Gestalt Psychology Term means Whole or Pattern Max Wertheimer is the founder Whole pattern was the focus You are the sum total of all of your yesterdays and all of your hopes and dreams Cognitive Focus on the mental process (computer like) words like problem-solving, reasoning, decision making. Focus on how information is gathered. Shows us ways to change behavior.. Psychobiology (Neuroscience-Biopsychology) Focus on the chemical and biological basis for behavior. Contributors to the field: Johannes Muller Paul Broca Luigi Galavani Herman Von Helmholtz Ecclectic View No one view has all of the answers. Takes from each Types of research Basic (further knowledge) Applied (designed to solve practical problems) Psychological research 1. Experimental (Only way to establish cause and effect!) 2. Non-experimental Experimental research 1. Theory 2. Hypothesis (this causes that) 3. Variables (independent, dependent, extraneous) 4. controls 5. Biasis Non Experimental 1. Naturalistic Observation (this is not exact or absolute) 2. Surveys 3. Case studies (much of what we know is based on case studies) 4. Correlational Studies (says that a relationship exists) **DOES NOT IMPLY CAUSATION** Statistics branch of applied mathematics that uses numbers to describe and analyze data variable a factor that can vary constant a factor that remains the same Independent variable variable that is manipulated to determine its causal effet on the dependent variable