| Term | Definition |
|---|
| ptolemy's almagest | summary of Aristotle's theories. Source of info regarding astronomy |
| heliocentric | the sun as the center of the solar system |
| St. Thomas Aquinas | he put all of Aristotle's ideas into the christian perspective. |
| Francis Bacon | used inductive method and observations as scientific proof |
| Rene Descartes | used mathematical deduction as scientific proof |
| Copernicus | polish astronomer. his work led to the rejection of the geocentric theory |
| tycho brahe | danish astronomer. proved that comets follow a sun-centered path, but supported geocentric |
| Johannes Kepler | german astronomer. discovered 3 laws that govern motion |
| galileo galilei | a hero for the cause of intellectual freedom. wrote "dialogue concerning the two chief world systems" |
| Sir Isaac Newton | father of calculus. proved heliocentricity though calculus and discovery of gravity |
| john locke | english philosopher. founder of empiricism & political liberalism. believed that knowledge is derived from experience. |
| The Enlightenment | intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. (scientific revolution & revolt against tradition) |
| enlightenment salons | a place where intellectual men would discuss society and governments |
| adam smith | scottish economist. founder of economics. discredited mercantilism |
| Laissez-faire | absention by governments from not interfering in the workings of the free market |
| Deism | belief in the existence of supreme being who does not interfere with the universe |
| encyclopedia by denis diderot | 1st time revolutionary ideas of combining all knowledge together into one source |
| Baron de Montesque | noble french. his writing inspired the "spirit of the laws". Limited gov., checks & balances, seperation of powers, established church |
| voltaire & religious fanaticism | brilliant writer. wrote philosophical letters. exiled. praised the english for freedom of speech, religious toleration, parliamentary gov. |
| Rousseau | enlightened writer. social democracy, heart over mind, found religion significant for ones emotional release |
| Louis Xv | "after me the flood",distracted with the life of luxury. Madame Pompadour was his courtesan |
| George III | British King, during american revolution. wanted a fair gov but could not bc of William and Mary's influence. |
| Joseph II | emperor of austria. had ideas for progressivism, 1 lang, religious toleration, and end of serfdom. Belverdere Palace. |
| Frederick II the great of prussia | symbol of modern germany for his military domination. composer. enlightened ruler. "Sans Souci" -without a care. |
| Maria Theresa of austria | ruled alongside her son, Joseph. supported catholic. kept serfdom |
| Catherine the Great of Russia | came to power by killing the king. many lovers. read voltaire and wanted progressive russia. |
| social contract | advocated that all adult males should be citizens. General Will. |
| Scientific revolution | time of pursuit of discoveries for the sake of deeper understanding in order to prove the 'why" of what we see |
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