Anesthetics : Chap. 11
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Name some local anesthetics? | Lidocaine, Tetracaine, & Bupivacaine |
| Name some inhaled general anesthetics: | Halothane, Isoflurane, Nitrous Oxide |
| Which barbiturate is typically used for anesthesia? | Thiopental |
| Which benzodiazepine is used for anesthesia? | Diazepam |
| Which kind of anesthesia are given to psychotic patients? | Neuroleptanesia like Innovar |
| Innovar contains what drugs? | Droperidol and Fentanyl |
| Innovar in contraindicated in what disease? | Parkinson's |
| What's Fentanyl used as? | Anesthetic |
| What's droperidol used as? | Sedative, antiemetic, & anticonvulsant |
| What anesthesia adjunct is used to relieve anxiety? | Benzodiazepines |
| What anesthesia adjunct is used as sedation? | Barbiturates |
| Which anesthesia adjunct is used to prevent allergic reactions? | Antihistamines |
| Which anesthesia adjunct is used to prevent secretion of fluids into the respiratory tract? | Anticholinergics |
| Which anesthesia adjunct is used to prevent aspiration of stomach contents and postsurgical nausea and vomiting? | Antiemetics |
| Which anesthesia adjunct is used for rapid induction of anesthesia? | Short-acting barbiturates |
| Cell membranes need to expand by what % for anesthetic to work? | 1 % |
| Why does recompression of membrane awakens the subjects? | Opening of Na+ channels |
| Stage I of Anesthesia causes what? | Analgesia--Loss of pain due to interference with sensory transmission |
| Stage II of Anesthesia causes what? | Excitement--Increase in b.p., increase in respiraion; to avoid this stage, a short acting barbiturate e.g. thiopental |
| Stage III of Anesthesia causes what? | Surgical Anesthesia--Regular respiration of skeletal muscle; Surgery may proceed |
| Stage IV of Anesthesia causes what? | Medullary Paralysis--Severe depression of respiratory and vasomotor centers (avoid death) |
| Nitrous oxide can cause spinal damage by doing what? | Depriving the body of vit. B12 |
| The rate of rise of arterial partial pressure & speed of induction are fastest for what type of gases? | Those least soluble in blood |
| Which inhaled anesthesia is most soluble in blood? | Haloethane |
| Which inhaled anesthesia is least soluble in blood? | Nitrous oxide |
| Solubility of in inhaled anesthesia in the blood is determined by what? | Blood/gas partition coefficient |
| It takes longer to reach steady state for what kind of gases? | Those with high blood solubility |
| Order of rate of induction: | Nitrous oxide>Isolurane>Enflurane> Halothane |
| Order of rate of recovery from inhale anesthesia? | Nitrous oxide>Isolurane>Enflurane> Halothane |
| Which inhaled anesthesia can lead to malignant hyperthermia, & hepatitis? | Halothane |
| Which inhaled anesthesia has rapid induction/recovery, no hepatotoxicity, & is contraindicated in pt with kidney failure? | Enflurane |
| Which inhaled anesthesia has low biotransformation, & low organ toxicity? | Isoflurane |
| Which inhaled anesthesia is used with thiopental is least soluble in blood and good for dental surgery? | Nitrous oxide |
| Which inhaled anesthesia irritates the respiratory tract and may cause explosions? | Ether |
| Which anesthesia has no disadvantages and provides good muscle relaxation? | Isoflurane |
| Which anesthesia must be used with other anesthetics for surgery and provides no muscle relaxation? | Nitrous oxide |
| Which anesthesia is a poor analgesia but a potent anesthesia with little muscle relaxation? | Thiopental |
| Which anesthesia is a poor analgesia with rapid onset and lowers IC pressure? | Propofol |
| Which anesthesia is best for children, asthmatics but sensitizes myocardium to catecholamines, causes arrhythmis and hepatic toxicity in adults? | Halothane |
| Some adverse effects of halothane? | Cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, used with phenylephrine, causes malignant hyperthermia. |
| What's the only effective drug to treat malignant hyperthermia? | Dantrolene |
| What's the most popular IV anesthesia? | Propofol |
| What kind of rate of recovery does propofol have? | rapid |
| Why do patients subjectively feel better after during postop after propofol? | It reduces postop nausea and vomitin |
| Drugs used for lethal inject are? | Pancuronium bromide, KCl, & Sodium pentothal |
| What does sodium pentothal do? | It's an anesthesia |
| What does KCl do? | It stops the heart |
| What does pancuronium bromide do? | It paralyzes the entire muscular system |
| Which inhaled anesthesia does not depress the respiratory system or cause muscle relaxation & is the least hepatoxic gas? | Nitrous oxide |
| What is added to localize effects of local anesthetics? | Epinephrine |
| Which type of nerve block is used for surgery on lower limbs, pelvis, & obstetrics? | Spinal nerve block (Intrathecal) |
| Which type of nerve block is considered safer than intrathecal nerve block? | Epidural nerve block |
| Which type of nerve block is used for pain of carcinoma of pancreas or abdomen? | Paravertebral nerve block at t12 |
| What's just as effective as celecoxib in treating painful osteoarthritis in the knee? | Lidoderm--transdermal lidocaine |
| Lidoderm is FDA approved for what? | treating nerve pain from shingles |
| Name some muscle relaxants? | Succinylcholine & pancuronium |
| The lower the MAC, the .... the anesthetic. | more potent |
| Name some local anesthetics: | Bupivacaine,& Lidocaine |
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