| Term | Definition |
|---|
| society | the relationships amoug human beings |
| culture | it ia society's total "way of life," including all of its traditions and institutions |
| humanism | is the belief that human thought and values (rather than religious thoughts or values) should be the central features of culture and that humans can on their own solve all of their |
| dialect | speech patterns within a single language often vary considerably, which case each speech pattern |
| language families | groups of languages that share many common characteristics |
| culture region | is a human society that share the same basic culture |
| 8 main culture region | Africa, Asia, Central Eurasia, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, North America, and Oceanica |
| subregions | that display increasingly similar charactristics |
| nuclear family | a man, his wife, and their children |
| extended family | the nuclear family plus grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins |
| nation | is large group of people with common history and language who have developed a strong sense of identity |
| nation-state | is a nation of people that has established its own government, or state |
| empire | when one nation conquers other nations beyond its borders |
| political boundaries | are a fundamental feature of culture maps because they mark the limit if a state's authority over the lives of people |
| natural boundaries | such as rivers and mountains |
| geometric boundaries | connect geometric points or follow lines of latitude or longitude |
| demography | the study of human populations and their characteristics |
| vital statistics | are official records of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths |
| censuses | are official government counts of the entire population within nation's boundaries |
| surveys | are counts of small samples of the total population |
| crude birthrate | the number of children born per one thousand people |
| crude deathrate | demography must also calcuate the number of people who die each year per 1000 people |
| life expectancy | the number of years a person can expect to live |
| rate if natural increase | subtracting the number of the deaths from the number of births |
| infant mortality | health improvements are most apparent in the declining death rate among children |
| urbanization | the growth of urban areas at the expense of rural areas |
| suburbs | an area between urban and rural areas that offers proximity to urban benefits but without the attending problems |
| population density | is the average number of people who live on each square mile (or kilometer) of land |
| arable land | land that can be used to plant crops |
| physiological density | by comparing the total population to the arable land |
| Human government | the rule of man over man |
| Justice | entails a system of laws and courts to settle disputes between citizens |
| Defense | entails a police force to protect law-abiding citizens from foreign attack |
| anarchy | a state of society with government or law |
| absolute monarch | rules as he pleases |
| dictatorship | is a person who rules by the authority of the military |
| totalitarian government | make decisions about every detail of their people's lives, allegedly for the good of the whole country |
| constitutional monarchy | in which the people have limited the power of the monarch by law |
| foreign policy | the set of principles that guides a government's international relations |
| rogue nations | that ignore some of the most fundamentaol principles of international relations |
| Diplomacy | is the art of negotiating agreements between nations |
| Two international organization | the North Atlantic Treaty Organiaztion (NATO) and the United Nation (UN) |
| NATO | is the most power and successful alliance in history. In 1947, the United States joined Canada and most of the free nations of Western Europe in establishing NATO to protect Western Europe from the threat of the Soviet Union |
| UN | was also formed in the wake of World War II. From past experience, most member nations knew that the UN would not stop war |
| Security Council | United States, the United Kingdom, France, China, and the Soviet Union (now Russia), are the 5 permanent members |
| Geneva Convention | a treaty establishing basic rules for how nations should treat wounded soldiers and prisoners of war |
| self-determination | all peoples have a right to vote for the type of government they will have |
| territorial integrity | defensible borders |
Combine with other sets
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