BCS 110 - Lecture #15 Learning & Memory-Neuropsychology
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Created by:
abbyt on December 15, 2008
Subjects:
brain & cognitive sciences
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pavlov | Who did Classical Conditioning? |
| Conditioned stimulus (metronome) with unconditioned stimulus (meat)=unconditioned response (salivation), ?=conditioned response (salivation) | What is Classical Conditioning? |
| Skinner | Who did Operant Conditioning? |
| Reinforcement & punishment | What is Operant Conditioning? |
| AKA working memory, kind of like RAM in computer, something used for a particular task for about 2 minutes, store information for short term use (1s to 2-3mn); Phonological loop & Visuospatial sketchpad | What is Short-Term Memory? |
| Type of short-term memory, 7+/-2 items | What is a Phonological Loop? |
| Type of short-term memory, 4+/-2 items | What is a Visuospatial Sketchpad? |
| Entorhinal Parahippocampal Cortex, Hippocampus, Amygdala (plays a role in memory, though minor-mostly involved in control of emotion), Cortex (big role in memory), and Dorsomedial Thalamus | What areas of the brain play a role in Long-Term Memory? |
| HM had massive episelpsy-had epileptic fits all the time, he had part of the temporal lobes (hippocampus & surrounding cortex) removed on both sides in an attempt to cure epilepsy, removed a piece of cortex, never had epileptic fits after that day but had no way of sotring new memories | Who was HM? |
| A patient who had similar epilepsy problems to HM, but due to a virus | Who was RB? |
| Mild retrograde amnesia (two years prior to the surgery were lost), very severe anterograde amnesia (he cannot learn a new fact--> declarative memory--facts), intact short-term memory, normal IQ, he is still able to learn new skills even though he is unaware of it (procedural memory-skills like skiing & riding a bike), towers of hanoi | What were HM's Symptoms post-surgery? |
| Two years prior to accident/illness lost | What is Retrograde Amnesia |
| Cannot learn new facts | What is Anterograde Amnesia? |
| Facts | What is Declarative Memory? |
| Skills like riding a bike & skiing | What is Procedural Memory? |
| Long-term memory loss (not short term as claimed in them movie), like many patients-he is aware of his deficit | What type of Memory Deficit does the main character have in Memento? |
| 2 patterns--> well underneath the pattern & has to remember which one has food underneath it | What is a Delayed Non-Matching-to-Sample Task? |
| Hippocampus + surrounding cortex, PREFRONTAL CORTEX | What areas of the brain are for Short-Term Memory? |
| Hippocampus & surrounding cortex & the cortex/entorhinal parahippocampal cortex, Thalamic Structures (dorsomedial thalamus, dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus), & amygdala | What other areas of the brain play a role in Long-Term Memory? |
| Hippocampal lesions in rats affect performance in the radial maze & the morris search task | What is Spatial Memory? |
| Place cells | What type of cell does the Hippocampus contain? |
| Stores long-term memories that are more than 2 years old, HM--hippocampus was gone, but the cortex was still intact-he had a great memory of anything that happened 2 years prior to the surgery | What is the Cortex's role in Long-Term Memory? |
| Severe lesions in the entorhinal cortex, basal forebrain (acetylcholine) and throughout cortex (due to amyloid deposit), declarative memory most affected (but they can learn new skills), retrograde & anterograde amnesia (unlike HM), many other cognitive functions affected as well, the cortex is affected | What is Alzheimer's Disease? |
| projects to the prefrontal cortex (assoiated with short-term memory) | What does the Dorsomedial Thalamus do? |
| Thiamine deficiency (needed to metabolize glucose), seen more in alcoholics, thalamus affected, normal on non-declarative tasks such as word completion tasks, confabulation | What is Korsakoff's Syndrome? |
| Retrograde & Anterograde Amnesia, problems with recalling temporal order (typical of prefrontal patients) | What types of memory are affected by Korsakoff's Syndrome? |
| Seen with Korsakoff's patients, known for making up stories | What is Confabulation? |
| Amygdala involved in emotion-if you lose it, you lose this boost of learning you get with strong emotions, events associated with strong emotions are remembered better (epinephrine) | What does the Amygdala do with Long-Term Memory? |
| Declarative & Non-declarative (skills/procedural) | What are the tpyes of Long-Term Memory? |
| Explicit | Is Declarative Memory implicit or explicit? |
| Implicit | Is Non-declarative Memory (skills/procedural) implicit or explicit? |
| Hanoi Tower | What is an example of Nonasociative Learning? |
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