Essential Biology: Chapter 12: DNA Technology
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Created by:
dankauffman on July 27, 2011
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Recombinant DNA Technology | A set of laboratory techniques for combining genes from different sources into single DNA molecule |
| Biotechnology | The use of organisms to perform practical tasks |
| recombinant DNA | A molecule carrying DNA from more than one source |
| Transgenic organism | A host that carries DNA acquired from a different species |
| Genetically Modified Organisms | An organism that carries recombinant DNA |
| Vaccine | A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that is used to prevent an infectious disease |
| Plasmids | small circular DNA molecules that are separate from the much larger bacterial chromosome |
| Vectors | DNA carriers that move genes from one cell to another |
| Restriction enzymes | enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides |
| Restriction sites | Places where DNA are cut |
| DNA ligase | The pasting enzyme that makes union permanent through connects DNA pieces into continuous strands by forming covalent bonds between adjacent nucleotides |
| Genomic library | The entire collection of cloned DNA fragments in which the starting material is bulk DNA from whole cells |
| Nucleic acid probe | radioactively labeled nucleic acid molecule used to tag a particular DNA sequence |
| Complementary DNA | single-stranded DNA that is complementary to messenger RNA or DNA that has been synthesized from messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase |
| Forensics | The scientific analysis of evidence for crime scene investigations and other legal proceedings |
| DNA fingerprinting | A procedure that analyzes a person's unique collection of DNA restriction fragments |
| Polymerase chain reaction | A technique by which any segment of DNA can be amplified (cloned) |
| Genetic marker | A chromosomal landmark whose in inheritance can be studied |
| RFLP analysis | The comparison of the set of restriction fragments produced by DNA from different individuals |
| gel electrophoresis | A method for sorting macromolecules primarily on the basis of their electrical charge and length |
| Gene cloning | The production of multiple copies of a gene |
| Genomics | the science of studying whole genomes |
| Repetitive DNA | Nucleotide sequences present in many copies in the genome |
| Telomeres | the ends of chromosomes |
| Human Gene Therapy | A recombinant DNA procedure that seeks to treat disease by altering an afflicted persons's genes |
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