EDCU 5305 Theories Key Concepts
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92 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Displacement | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic An ego defense mechanism; discharging anxiety from a threatening object to a safer object (scapegoat); kicking a dog |
| Phallic Phase | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Psychosexual stage; 3-6yrs; basic conflict centers on unconscious incestuous desires that child develops for parent of opposite sex; Oedipus complex and Electra complex. |
| Dreams are the "Royal road to the unconscious" | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Therapists use dreams to bring the unconscious to light; dreams have two levels: latent content (unconscious) and the manifest content (dream as it appears to the dreamer) |
| Electra Complex | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Involves a girls striving for father's love and approval; female phallic stage. |
| Topographic Model | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Iceberg; Conscious is tip of the iceberg, the unconscious is below the surface |
| Latency Phase | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Psychosexual stage; 6-12 years; sexual interests are replaced by interests in school, playmates, sports, and a range of new activities; time of socialization as child turns outward and forms relationships with others. |
| Oedipus Complex | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Involves mother as love object for boy; male phallic stage. |
| Counter-transference | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Therapists respond in irrational ways or lose objectivity because their own conflicts are triggered; involves total emotional response to a client. |
| Therapeutic Goal: Make the unconscious conscious | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Unconscious processes are the basis of all forms of neurotic symptoms and behaviors; cure is based on uncovering meaning of symptoms, causes of behavior, and repressed material that interfere with healthy functioning. |
| Projection | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Ego defense mechanism; self-deception, attributing to others one's own unacceptable desires and impulses; e.g. homophobic father in American beauty who is gay |
| Determinism | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Behavior is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations and biological/ instinctual drives |
| Transference | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Unconscious shifting to the analysts of feelings and fantasies that are reactions to other in client's past; occurs when clients resurface conflicts relating to love, sexuality, hostility, anxiety and resentment |
| Ink Blots | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Rorschach Test; perception of ink blots recorded and analyzed; examines personality, characteristics and emotional functioning. |
| Id | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Spoiled brat of personality; primary source of psychic energy; lacks organization, is blind, demanding and insistent; cannot tolerate tension; ruled by the pleasure principle; illogical, amoral, and driven to satisfy instinctual needs; biological component; unconscious, no awareness. |
| Projective Tests | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, revealing the unconscious. |
| Free Association | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic "Fundamental rule"; say what comes to mind without censorship of thoughts or feelings; project a blank screen. |
| Latent Content | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Consists of hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes and fears. |
| Ego | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Executive personality that governs, controls, and regulates personality; "traffic cop" that mediates between the instincts and the surrounding environment; psychological component; ruled by the reality principle; checks and controls the blind impulses of the id. |
| Thanatos | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Biological instinctual drive; death instinct; aggressive; unconscious wish to die or hurt others. |
| Reaction Formation | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Ego defense mechanism; expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse; avoid facing anxiety. |
| Libido | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Biological instinctual drive; sexual drive/energy; energy of all life instincts. |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Projective psychological test; taps unconscious to reveal repressed aspects of personality; picture interpretation Technique; tell story. |
| Superego | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Judicial branch of personality; antithesis of the id; social component; strives for perfection; represents the traditional values and ideals of society. |
| Blank Screen | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Engage in little self-disclosure and maintain neutrality to foster a transference relationship. |
| Eros | Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Biological instinctual drive; life instinct; gain pleasure and avoid pain. |
| Social Interest | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Community feeling; involves a person's positive attitude toward people in the world; capacity to cooperate and contribute through shared activity and mutual respect. |
| Teleology | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Behavior is purposeful and goal-oriented. |
| Fictional Finalism | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Refers to the imagined central goal that guides a person's behavior. |
| I am...The world is...Therefore... | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Sentence completion used to challenge structure of private logic and syllogism |
| Early Recollections | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Stories/events before ten years of age that people recall; used for many purposes including verification of coping patterns, identify major successes and mistakes, assessment of individual strength, assets, conviction about self, others and world. |
| Family Constellation | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Form unique view of self, others and life; picture of social world (parents, siblings, life tasks, early recollections) |
| "I was a poor student and my teachers said I was suited to be a 'shoe maker'." Who am I? | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Adler's early childhood experiences had an impact on the formation of his theory. We create ourselves rather than being shaped by childhood experiences. |
| Basic Mistakes | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic People behave as if myths were true because, for them, they are true; 5 basic mistakes: overgeneralizations, false or impossible goals of security, misperceptions of life and life's demands, minimization of one's worth, and family values. |
| Striving for superiority | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic According to Adler, people strive for superiority when they face inferiority; goal of success pulls people toward mastery and enables them to overcome obstacles. |
| Genogram | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Pictorial display of a person's family relationships. |
| "Not nuts...just discouraged" | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Adler sees feelings as being aligned with thinking and as the fuel for behaving; first we think, then feel, and then act. Therapists offer encouragement to promote change. |
| Lifestyle | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Core beliefs and assumptions that guide movement through life and organize reality, giving meaning to life events; perceptions of self, others, and the world; spectacles. |
| Birth Order | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Relationships within the family; social system; oldest, second of only two, middle, youngest, only child. |
| Inferiority Feelings | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic Source of all human striving; motivation to strive for mastery, success, completion and superiority. |
| Dreams as "rehearsal for future action" | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic According to Adler, dreams suggest possible answers to a client's current problems; weathervanes for treatment, brining problems to the surface. |
| "Freedom within Limits" | Adlerian Alfred Adler Psychodynamic links freedom with responsibility. The Statue of Liberty on the East Coast should be balanced with the Statue of Responsibility on the West Coast; freedom is bound by certain limitations; we are not free from conditions but are free to take a stand against restrictions. |
| Experiential Values | Logotherapy Viktor Frankl Humanistic-Existential Free gifts from God and others; e.g. sunshine, smell of rain |
| "Man's Search for Meaning" | Logotherapy Viktor Frankl Humanistic-Existential Frankl's 1946 book that details his experiences as a concentration camp prisoner during WW II; describes man's search for meaning to live. |
| Ontological Experience | Logotherapy Viktor Frankl Humanistic-Existential The nature of being. |
| Existential Vacuum | Logotherapy Viktor Frankl Humanistic-Existential Life becomes meaningless |
| Psychical Dimension | Logotherapy Viktor Frankl Humanistic-Existential Psychological dimension; represents what we have |
| Creative Values | Logotherapy Viktor Frankl Humanistic-Existential Return of favors to the universe; doing something to make it better. |
| Noetic Dimension | Logotherapy Viktor Frankl Humanistic-Existential Spiritual dimension; noÖs; reflects who we are; spirit; in need of greatest attention. |
| "I am a survivor of the Holocaust" Who am I? | Logotherapy Viktor Frankl Humanistic-Existential Viktor Frankl; author of Man's Search for Meaning. |
| Three Dimensional Ontology | Logotherapy Viktor Frankl Humanistic-Existential Unity of three dimensions: Psychical, somatic and noetic dimensions. |
| Somatic Dimension | Logotherapy Viktor Frankl Humanistic-Existential Physical dimension; body; represents what we have. |
| Attitudinal Values | Logotherapy Viktor Frankl Humanistic-Existential Values we use to find meaning in life when we are faced with an inevitable fate. |
| Congruence | Person-Centered Therapy Carl Rogers Humanistic-Existential One of the core conditions; real, genuine and authentic; without false front; openly expresses feelings, reactions and attitudes. |
| Actualizing Tendency | Person-Centered Therapy Carl Rogers Humanistic-Existential Basic motivational force that leads to change; directional process of striving toward self-regulation, self-determination; perfection, inner freedom; basis on which people can be trusted to identify and resolve own problems. |
| "Non-directive" counseling | Person-Centered Therapy Carl Rogers Humanistic-Existential Counselors avoid sharing information about themselves, instead focus on reflecting and clarifying clients' verbal and nonverbal communication with aim of helping them become aware and gain insight; increased understanding, greater self-exploration and self-concepts. |
| Founder of Person-Centered Approach | Person-Centered Therapy Carl Rogers Humanistic-Existential Carl Rogers; "quiet revolutionary" |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | Person-Centered Therapy Carl Rogers Humanistic-Existential One of the core conditions; communicate deep and genuine caring; caring is non-possessive, non-judgmental; accepts clients as they are |
| Core conditions are "necessary and sufficient." | Person-Centered Therapy Carl Rogers Humanistic-Existential Three core conditions are congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathetic understanding. |
| "It's all about the relationship between therapist and client." | Person-Centered Therapy Carl Rogers Humanistic-Existential Relationship is key in person-centered theory; the attitude and personal characteristic of therapist and quality of client-therapy relationship are determinants of outcome and therapy. |
| Phony Layer of Neurosis | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Respond to environment in stereotypical ways; inauthentic |
| Figure Ground | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Figure (those aspects of the individual's experience that are most salient at any moment) Ground (those aspects of the client's presentation that are often out of his or her awareness). |
| Unfinished Business | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Can be manifest in unexpressed feelings such as resentment, rage, hatred, pain, anxiety, grief, guilt and abandonment; interfere with the present. |
| A HIGHLY confrontational approach | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Perls practiced this prior as a way to deal with avoidance; "anything goes environment." |
| "I was a German infantryman who survived the trenches in WWI." | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Fritz Perls |
| Hot Seat | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Empty-chair technique; getting client to externalize the introject; goal is to promote a higher level of integration between the polarities and conflicts that exist in everyone, and to learn to accept and live with the polarities. |
| "The Now" | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Emphasis on the present moment. |
| Fantasy Zone | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Reenacting the past as though they were living it now; the past may make regular appearances in the present moment and have a significant bearing on the present attitudes or behaviors. |
| Explosive Layer | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Characterized by intense feelings of joy, sorrow or pain; new energy freed to be authentic. |
| Awareness (Goal of Therapy) | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Involves insight and sometimes introspection; clients are responsible to do their own seeing, feeling, sensing, and interpreting. |
| Impasse | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential No sense of direction; feel stuck and don't know what to do next; often a point where a person seeks counseling.; time when external support is not available or the customary way of being does not work. |
| Fritz Perls | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Founder of Gestalt Therapy. |
| Implosive Layer | Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Humanistic-Existential Phony identity begins to collapse; may feel dead inside or confused; feel vulnerable to feelings. |
| Success Identity | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Characterized by positive addictions; result of attainment; associated with a feeling of being loved and by a sense of self-worth. |
| WDEP | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Helps explore wants; W=wants, needs; D=direction and doing; E=evaluation of total behavior; P=planning and action. |
| Founder of Reality Therapy | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior William Glasser |
| Choice Theory | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior View that humans are internally motivated and behave to control the world around them; all we have or do from birth to death is behave; we are responsible for what we choose. |
| Negative Addictions | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Addictions harmful to the body and mind; (N.A.R.P.) = negatively addicted reality person. |
| Failure Identity | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Characterized by negative addictions (N.A.R.P.); inability to love and have a sense of belonging; associated with feelings of loneliness and despair. |
| "I worked as a psychiatrist at the Ventura School for Girls." Who am I? | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior William Glasser |
| Quality World | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Mental picture album of specific wants; core of our lives; Shangri-La; the world we would like to live in if we could; based on our wants and needs; most important component is people. |
| "You are depressing yourself." | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Part of total behavior; when people choose misery by developing a range of "paining" behaviors, it is because these are the beset behaviors they are able to devise at the time, and these behaviors often get them what they want. |
| Positive Addictions | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Anything that a person chooses to do as long as it fulfills the following criteria: it is something non-competitive; it is possible to do it easily and does not take great mental effort; can be done alone; has value; subjective; not addicting. |
| Total Behavior | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior All behavior is made up of four inseparable but distinct components: acting, thinking, feeling and physiology. |
| Basic Human Needs/Wants | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior We are born with 5 genetically encoded needs: survival, love and belonging, power and achievement, freedom and independence, and fun; drives us all our lives and vary in strength. |
| Responsibility | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior We must be responsible for what we choose; ability to fulfill one's needs and to do so in a way that does not deprive others of the ability to fulfill their needs. |
| S.I.A.M.C. | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Central role of planning and commitment; S=simple; A=attainable; M=measureable; I=immediate; C= controlled by planner |
| Attached vs. Committed | Reality Therapy William Glasser Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Wants can be attached (unhealthy) or committed (healthy) |
| Remember your "ABCs" | REBT Albert Ellis Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Central to REBT model; A (activating energy) B (person's beliefs about A) C (emotional reaction and behavioral consequences) D (disputing, detect, debate, discriminate) E (effective philosophy replacing unhealthy thoughts) F (new set of feelings) |
| "Musterbating" | REBT Albert Ellis Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior A term coined by Ellis to describe the tendency to think that certain things "must" occur or "must" be done; "I must do well;" "Others must treat me how I want;" "I must get what I want." |
| Founder of REBT | REBT Albert Ellis Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Albert Ellis |
| "Crooked" Thinking | REBT Albert Ellis Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Irrational beliefs |
| Irrational Beliefs | REBT Albert Ellis Cognitive/Cognitive-Behavior Self-defeating beliefs; absolutist "should" and "musts" their "awfulizing," and their "self-downing." |
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