AP Human Geography Unit 3
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penguinman666 on July 27, 2011
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originally for Mrs. Watson's class 2010-2011. I got a 150/150 on this set.
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102 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 adaptive strategies | the unique way in which each culture uses its particular physical environment |
| architectural form | the look of housing, effected by the available materials, the environment the house is in, and the popular culture of the time |
| authenticity | the truthfulness of origins, attributions, commitments, sincerity, devotion, and intentions; the quality of being authentic |
| cultural appropriation | the process by which cultures adopt customs and knowledge from other cultures and use them for their own benefit |
| folk culture | cultural traits such as dress modes, dwellings, traditions, and institutions of usually small, traditional communities |
| folk ways | any informal norms, virtues, or values characterized by being followed through imitation and mild social pressure but not strictly enforced or put into law |
| folklore | consists of legends, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, and customs that are the traditions of that culture, subculture, or group |
| maladapted diffusion | diffusion in which image takes precedence over practicality |
| material culture | the art, housing, clothing, sports, dances, foods, and other similar items constructed or created by a group of people |
| non material culture | the beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values , of a group of people |
| placelessness | the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next |
| popular culture | cultural traits such as dress, diet, and music that identify and are part of today's changeable, urban-based, media-influenced, western societies |
| survey systems | systems that are used to collect data |
| traditional architecture | traditional building styles of different cultures, religions, and places |
| vernacular | the commonly spoken language or dialect of a particular people or place |
| acculturation | the exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous first-hand contact |
| adaptation | adjusting to a translation based on the cultural environment of the target language |
| assimilation | the process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech, particularities, or mannerisms when they come into contact with another society or culture |
| cultural convergence | contact and interaction of one culture and another |
| cultural divergence | the separation of cultures through less and less contact and interaction between them; restriction of a culture from outside influences |
| cultural integration | the process of combining cultures together into one |
| core / periphery / semi-periphery | the core-periphery idea that the core houses the main economic power of the region and the outlying region and that the periphery houses the lesser economic ties with the semi-periphery in-between the two |
| cultural identity | the way people categorize their culture, sometimes by the way they dress and what they eat |
| cultural realm | the entire region that displays the characteristics of a culture |
| cultural regions | a portion of earth's surface occupied by a population sharing recognizable and distinctive cultural characteristics |
| global-local continuum | the notion that what happens at the global scale has a direct effect on what happens at the local scale, and vice-versa |
| glocalization | the process by which people in a local place mediate and alter regional, national, and global processes |
| innovation adoption | the diffusion of new ideas |
| bario / favala | a shantytown in or near a city; slum area |
| cultural adaptation | adjusting to a translation based on the cultural environment of the target language |
| cultural shatter belt | an area of instability between regions with opposing political and cultural values |
| ethnic cleansing | the systematic killing or extermination of an entire people or nation |
| ethnic conflict | a struggle that happened because of ethnicities interacting |
| ethnic conclave | a gathering of an ethnic group |
| ethnic group | people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture |
| ethnic homeland | a sizable area inhabited by an ethnic majority that exhibits a strong sense of attachment to the region |
| ethnic neighborhood | a neighborhood, typically situated in a larger metropolitan city and constructed by or comprised of a local culture, in which a local culture can practice its customs |
| ethnicity | affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture |
| ethnocentrism | conviction of the evident superiority of one's own ethnic group |
| ghetto | a forced or voluntarily segregated residential area housing a racial, ethnic, or religious minority |
| plural society | a society that contains various cultural groups |
| race | a categorization of humans based on skin color and other physical characteristics |
| segregation | a measure of the degree to which members of a minority group are non-uniformly distributed among the total population |
| creole | a language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in a place of the mother tongue |
| dialect | local or regional characteristics of a language |
| indo-european language | a family of several hundred related languages and dialects |
| isogloss | a geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs |
| language family | group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin |
| language group | set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics |
| lingua franca | a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce |
| linguistic diversity | the amount of variation of languages a place has |
| monolingual | only one language spoken |
| multilingual | more than one language spoken |
| official language | in multilingual countries the language selected to promote internal cohesion; usually the language of the courts and government |
| pidgin | when two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary |
| proto language | an assumed, reconstructed, or recorded ancestral language |
| toponymy | the study of place names of a region, or toponyms |
| dowry death | in the context of arranged marriages in India, disputes over the price to be paid by the family of the bride to the father of the groom (the dowry) have, in some cases, lead to the death of the bride |
| enfranchisement | to admit to citizenship; the rite of voting |
| gender | social differences between men and women, rather than the anatomical, biological differences between the sexes |
| gender gap | a measurable difference between the behaviors of men and women |
| infanticide | the murder of infants |
| longevity gap | the difference of average expected life spans between different groups of people, nations, races, etc. |
| maternal mortality rate | annual number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births |
| animism | the belief that inanimate objects, such as trees, rocks, and rivers, posses souls |
| buddhism | religion; belief that enlightenment will come through knowledge, especially self knowledge, elimination of greed, craving, and desire, complete honesty, and never hurting another person or animal |
| christianity | religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus |
| confucianism | a philosophy of ethnics, education, and public service based on the writings of Confucius |
| ethnic religion | a religion that is particular to one culturally distinct group of people |
| exclave | a territory legally or politically attached to another territory with which is not physically contiguous |
| enclave | a territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory |
| fundamentalism | the interpretation of every word in the sacred text as literal truth |
| geomancy (feng shui) | the Chinese art and science of the placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities |
| hajj | the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad |
| hinduism | religion; unique in that it does not have a single founder, a single theology, or agreement on its origins |
| interfaith boundaries | boundaries between the world's major faiths |
| islam | religion; based on the teachings of Muhammad |
| juinism | an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living things |
| judaism | religion; roots in the teachings of Abraham, who is credited with uniting his people to worship only one god |
| landscapes of the dead | landscapes such as cemeteries that are only there because of the dead |
| monotheism | the belief in a single god |
| polytheism | belief in multiple gods |
| mormonism | comprises the religious, institutional, and cultural elements of the most populace branch of the Latte Day Saint movement |
| muslim pilgrimage | hajj |
| proselytic religion | a universalizing religion, which is an attempt to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just those of one culture or location |
| reincarnation | the idea that after this life you will come back in another life either as a plant, animal, or a human |
| religious fundamentalism | religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy |
| religious extremism | religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence |
| religious toponyms | the origin and meaning of the names of religions |
| sacred space | place or space people infuse with religious meaning |
| shamanism | community faith in traditional societies in which people follow their shaman |
| secularism | the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on earth not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife |
| sharia law | the system of Islamic law, based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Qu'ran |
| shintoism | religion; located in japan and related to Buddhism; focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship |
| sikhism | religion; began in northern Inda; the principal belief is that faith in Vahiguru emphasizes faith in god |
| sunni | branch of Islam; orthodox/traditionalist; believe in the effectiveness of family and community in the solution of life's problems; accept traditions of Muhammad as authoritative |
| shia (shi'ite) | branch of Islam; Persian variation; believe in the infallibility and divine right to authority of the Imams, descendants of Ali |
| syncretism | the development of a new form of culture trait by the fusion of two or more distinct parental elements |
| taoism | religion; based upon Tao-te-ching, a book by Lao-Tsu which focuses on the proper form of political rule and on the oneness of humanity and nature |
| theocracy | a state whose government is under the control of a ruler who is deemed to be divinely guided, or of a group of religious leaders |
| universalizing | belief system that espouses the idea that there is one true religion that is universal in scope |
| zoroastranism | religion; based on the teachings of the prophet Zoroaster; founded in the eartly part of the 5th century BCE |
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