Animal Kingdom
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98 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 characteristics that make an organism an animal | multicellular, heterotrophy, sexual reproduction and development, movement |
| Animal trends | multicellular, tissue layer (Blastula,Gastula), symmetry and cephalization(asymetrical,radial, bilateral) , body plan (acoelomate, pseudocolelomate, coelomate), segmentation, jointed appendages, protostone vs. deuterostone |
| phyla poifera | sponges-sessile invertebrates that have no true tissue or organs. Water enter through ostia and exits through osculum, filter feeder, reproduces asexually or sexually |
| phyla cnidarians | jellyfish, polyps and medusa, outer epidermis inner gastrodermis; nematocyst ejects filament that can paralyze prey |
| phyla platyhelminthes | flatworms- acoelomates, bilateral symmetry, cephalization, 3 tissue layers, one single opening (gastrovascular cavity), flame cells collect water, regeneration |
| phyla nematoda | roundworms, pseudocoelomates, bilateral symmetry, cephalization, 2 openings |
| phyla annelida | segmented worms(leeches or earthworms), coelomates, protostomes, hermaphrodites, setae(hairs) and nephridida(excretory) |
| phyla mollusca | octopus,snails. open circulatory system, radula, gills, bilateral symmetry. All have foot-feeding, mantle-covering tissue, shell protection and visceral mass-organs |
| phyla arthropoda | insects, crustaceans. 2 opening digestive track, open circulatory system, spiracles(holes for gas exchange), fused segments, exoskeleton, |
| phyla echinodermata | starfish. deuterostome, sends stomach outside of body for digestion |
| phyla chordates | all vertebrates and some invertebrates, has notochord,dorsal nerve cord, gill slits, ex. fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds and mammals |
| blastula | embryonic stage in most animals consisting of a single layer of cells that implants in the endometrium |
| gastrula | embryonic stage following the blastula that has an inner and outer cell layer |
| larvae | immature form of an animal that looks different from the adult form |
| metamorphoses | complete change of body form of some animals from larvae to adults |
| invertebrate | member of a group of animals without a backbone |
| vertebrate | animal with backbone |
| sponge | member of a group of animals that lack true tissue |
| collar cell | flagellated cell in a sponge's inner layer |
| ameobocyte | cell found in sponges and other animals that may digest and distribute food and dispose of waste and change into other cell types |
| sessile | anchored in place |
| cnidarians | member of a group of invertebrates with radial symmetry and tentacles with stinging cells |
| radial symmetry | body place in which an organism can be divided into equal parts of a central axis |
| cnidocyte | specialized cell in cnidarians that function in defense and catching |
| nematocyst | stinging capsule found in a cnidocyte |
| gastrovascular cavity | digestive sac |
| polyp | cnidarian body form consisting of a cylindrical body with tentacles radiating from one end |
| medusa | cnidarians body form that is umbrella shaped with fringes of tentacle |
| flatworm | member of a group of small leaf like or ribbon like invertebrates that includes planaraians |
| bilateral symmetry | body plan in which an animal can be divided into 2 equal sides |
| roundworm | member of a group of cylindrical invertebrates with pointed heads and tapered tails |
| complete digestive tract | continuous digestive tube with a separate mouth and anus |
| rotifer | member of a group of invertebrates with a complete digestive tract and a crown of rotating cilia |
| annelid | segmented worm |
| closed circulatory system | blood transport system in which blood remains enclosed in vessels and nutrients, oxygen, waste diffuse through vessel walls |
| acoelomate | animal that lack a body cavity |
| pseudocoelm | round worms; a fluid filled body cavity in direct contact with the digestive tract |
| coelom | fluid filled cavity that is completely lined by tissue that originated in the embryo from mesoderm tissue |
| mollusk | member of a group of invertebrates characterized by a muscular foot and a mantle |
| mantle | body surface outgrowth that drapes over a mollusk |
| radula | scraping organ characteristic of mollusks except bivalves |
| open circulatory system | blood transport which blood is pumped into where it comes in direct contact with tissues and organs |
| gastropod | member of a group of mollusks that includes snails and slugs |
| bivalve | member of a group of mollusks as clams, mussels, scallops, oysters |
| cephalopods | member of a group of mollusks that includes squids and octopuses |
| echinoderm | member of a group of maine invertebrate that includes sea urchins, sea stars |
| endoskeleton | skeleton located inside the body characteristic of all vertebrate and some invertebrate |
| water vascular system | in echinoderm a network of water filled canals that function in movement food gathering and as a basic circulatory system |
| tube feet | in echinoderm structures that are part of the water vascular system and function in locomotion, feeding and gas exchange |
| protosome | member of a group of organisms with coelom that develops from a solid cell masses in the embryo such as mollusks, annelids, arthropods |
| deuterostome | member of a group of organisms that include echinoderm and chordates in which the coelom forms from part of the early embryos digestive tube |
| thorax | midsection of an arthropod |
| arthropod | member of a group of invertebrate characterized by segmented bodies joined appendages and exoskeleton |
| jointed appendages | appendage with joints of points where it can bend |
| exoskeleton | hard external skeleton characteristic of some invertebrates |
| chitin | polysaccaride in arthropod exoskeleton |
| molting | process of shedding an exoskeleton(arthropod) or skin(reptile) and producing a new one |
| ganglia | clusters of nerve cell bodies found along the nerve cords of some animals |
| optic nerves | leading from the eyes transmit visual information to the brain |
| compound eyes | eye with may facets, each with its own lens (ex. grasshopper) |
| Tracheae | chitin lined tube in some arthropods that forms part of the respiratory system |
| spiracle | hole in an arthropods exoskeleton that allows that exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen |
| crustacean | member of a group of arthropods that include lobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimp |
| arachnid | member of a group of arthropods that includes bees, beetles, butterflies |
| cephalothorax | fused head and thorax characteristic of arachnids and some crustaceans |
| chelicerae | fanglike mouth parts used to paralyze prey with poison |
| pedipalps | mouth parts characteristic of arachnids that is used to manipulate prey once it has been paralyzed |
| Malpighian tubules | excretory structure that works with the gut in reducing water loss in land arthropods |
| book lung | respiratory structure in many arachnids with many flaps that provide a large surface area for gas exchange |
| spinnerets | organ in a spider's abdomen that spins silk into fibers |
| pupa | transition stage between larva and adult in insects with complete metamorphosis |
| biological control | control of pest organism by interfering with their natural ecological interaction as introducing predators |
| notochord | flexible rod that extends through much of the length of a chordate embryo |
| vertebrate | segment of the backbone encloses and protects the nerve chord |
| endoskeleton | skeleton located inside the body |
| tetrapod | member of a group of animals with two sets of paired limbs modified as legs |
| cartilaginous fish | member of a group of fishes with flexible skeleton made entirely of cartilage |
| bony fishes | member of a group of fishes with skeletons made mainly of bone |
| lateral line system | row of sensory organs running along each side of body of fish |
| operculum | protective flap covering the gills of bony fish |
| swim bladder | gas filled sac that controls buoyancy in fishes |
| amphibians | member of a group of vertebrates that include frogs and salamanders spend most of life in aquatic and terrestrial |
| tadpole | legless aquatic larva of an amphibian |
| amniote | vertebrate having an amnion surrounding the embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal |
| amniotic egg | waterproof eggs with a shell |
| scales | hard structures made of keratin that is part of the skin of reptiles, fish and other animals |
| ectotherm | animal whose main source of body heat is the external environment |
| endotherm | animal whose main source of body heat is their internal environment |
| feather | type of modified scale made of keratin characteristic of birds |
| gizzard | muscular organ, contained small stones and grinds seeds and other foods |
| crop | saclike food storage organ food in most birds |
| mammal | member of a group of endothermic vertebrates with mammary glands and hair |
| monotremes | member of a group of mammals that lay eggs |
| marsupial | member of a group of mammals whose embryos are born before development is complete and stay in mothers pouch |
| placental mammals | member of a group of mammals whose embryos complete their development within the mothers uterus |
| primate | member of a group of mammals that includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans |
| prehensile tails | grasping tail that functions as an extra appendages such as for swinging through trees |
| bipedalism | ability to walk upright on 2 feet |
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