Nutritional Science 10 Lecture 10
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Created by:
fl1p1npr1d3 Plus on August 1, 2011
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Why are bones important for structure & support/ metabolic processes? | protects vital organs, support for muscles, act as storage reservoir for many minerals, most of blood cells are b=produced in marrow of our bones |
| What is the 'spongy' part of the bone? hard part? | trabecular = spongy part, cortical = compact/hard part |
| What breaks down bones? rebuilds? | osteoclast breaks down, osteoblast rebuilds |
| When does bone growth typically occur? | birth - 2 yrs. old |
| When does are bone shape and size typically achieved? Until when does bone density occur? | 14 for girls, 17 for boys, bone density occurs until early adulthood |
| By what age can no more bone be created? When does bone density start to decline? | 30, starts to decline on 40 |
| Calcium..what is it? function? DRIs? sources? deficiency? | most abundant mineral in our body, it provides structure to bones & teeth, acid base-balance, transmission of nerve, muscle contractions, 19-50 (1,000mg/day), adults >51 (1,200mg/day),9-18 (1,300mg/day), UL = 2,500mg, found in dairy products, deficiency: osteoporosis |
| Osteoporosis..risk factors? DEXA ranges? name a type of osteoporosis | genetics, gender, aging, sedentary lifestyle, low peak bone mass, kyphosis (hunching of the spine) +1 to -1 normal, -1 to -2.5 osteopenia, < -2.5 osteoporosis |
| What does calcitriol do? | stimulates the absorption of dietary calcium |
| Vitamin D...function? deficiency? | regulates blood calcium to maintain bone health, works with PTH to stimulate bone breakdown when necessary, deficiency: rickets, osteomalacia |
| Phosphorus..function? sources? toxicity? | principle intracellular anion, Ca & P crystallize to form hydroxyapatite crystals (hardness of bone), sources: milk, meat, eggs, toxicity: high levels cause muscle spasms |
| Why is soda detrimental to your health? | acid leaches calcium from the bones, caffeine causes calcium depletion in urine |
| What is the soda-milk displacement effect? | decreased milk consumption decreases calcium & vitamin D intake, which affects bone health |
| Magnesium..function? sources? toxicity? | makes up bone structure, regulates formation of bone crystals, supports Vitamin D metabolism, sources: veggies, whole grains, beans, nuts, toxicity: diarrhea, nausea, cramping |
| Fluoride...function? sources? deficiency? toxicity? | protects teeth against cavities, stimulates new bone growth, cources: toothpaste/ mouthwash, deficiency: dental caries, toxicity: fluorosis |
| Iron..function? what is its toxicity called? what's special about iron? RDA? deficiency? | #1 micronutrient deficiency worldwide, prooxidative = excess iron hemochromatosis (liver cancer, heart attack & failure), component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, 8 mg/day for men 18mg/day for women, 27mg/day pregnant women, deficiency:anemia (low red blood cell count) |
| What enhances iron digestion & absorption? | enhance: vitamin C, meat factor, inhibit:phytates, vegetable proteins, fiber & calcium |
| What are the types of iron? | heme (more absorbable), non-heme |
| Zinc..function? sources?deficiency? | maintains protein structure, helps gene expression, cell replication & normal growth, sources: meat, seafood, whole grains,deficiency: growth retardation, delayed sexual immaturity |
| Copper..function? sources? | needed by enzymes for energy metabolism & collagen production, sources: organ meats, seafood, nuts |
| Vitamin K..function? sources? deficiency? | blood clotting, sources: leafy veggies, made in the gut, deficiency: rare but fatal hemorrhage, plays a role in producing osteocalcin & Matrix Gla protein...may increase bone density i people w/ osteoporosis |
| What are the two types of immune function? | specific, nonspecific |
| What are probiotics? | contain live cultures which increase immunity |
| What are the two types of beneficial bacteria? | Bfidobacteria & Latobacilli |
| What are prebiotics? | nondigestible fibers in foods that are metabolized or fermented by beneficial bacteria in the gut, which cause more good bacteria to grow |
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