Physio (Hormones)
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hormones Systems | Hypothalmus secrete a releasing hormones They travels to the anterior pituitary gland Anterior pituitary gland secretes tropic hormones They travel to a specific gland The specific galnd secretes hormones, which travels to target cellss |
| Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis HPA Axis | Hypothalamus secretes CRH CRH travels to the anterior pituitary gland Anterior pituitary gland secretes ACTH ACTH travels to the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands Adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) |
| Adrenal Cortex Secretes | Glucocorticoids -Cortisol: increase energy levels Mineralocorticoids -Aldosterone: retains Na+ and fluids Sex steriods -Androstenedione: distributes body hair |
| Adrenal Medulla Secretes | Epinephrine Norephinephrine |
| Hormone System Involving Posterior Pituitary Gland | Hypothalamus releases oxytocin & vasopressin as NRT into posterior pituitary gland Posterior pituitary gland releases oxytocin & vasopressin as hormones |
| Oxytocin | Stimulates contractions in mammary glands, which releases breast milk Involved in orgasm, bonding & parenting behaviors Neuropeptide and hormone |
| Vasopressin | Retains water involved in bonding |
| Prolactin | Stimulates contractions in mammary glands, which relreases breast milk Involved in bonding & parenting behaviors Neuropeptide and hormone |
| FSH | stimulates the release of eggs in the ovaries stimulates the production of sperm in the testes |
| LH | stimulates the production of progesterone and testosterone |
| Somatocrinin | Stimulates the release of growth hormones which stimulate the growth of bones |
| Ghrelin | Secreted by the stomach Stimulates the release of growth hormones, which stimulate the growth of bones |
| Melatonin | a NRT and hormone found in hte pineal gland (midbrain) Released at night to help us sleep |
| Beta cells | cells in pancreas that releases insulin, decreasing glucose levels |
| Alpha cells | cells in pancrease that releases glucagon, increasing glucose levels |
| Diabetes | acculumation of glucose in the blood No or lack of insulin OR Insulin receptors are defective |
| Hyperthyroidism | Too much thyroid hormones Revved up, hypomanic |
| Hypothyroidism | Too little thyroid hormones Depression, fatigue, goiter, memory loss |
| Cretinism (Congenital Hypothyroidism) | Too little thyroid hormones, early in life Severe cognitive and physical deficits |
| Cushing's Syndrome | Too much glucocorticoids (specifically cortisol & maybe androstendione) Fatigue, Depressed Changes in flight-fight response Unusual hair growth (bearded woman) |
| Steroid Dementia Syndrome | Too much glucocorticoids (steriods) Long lasting memory and attention deficits |
| Development of the Testes | 1) Undifferentiated Gonad 2) SRY Gene turns gonad to testes 3) Testes secretes adrogens testosterone, Antimullerian hormones, DHT 4) Testosterone promotes the development of Wolffian Ducts 5) Wolffian Ducts: internal genitalia 5) Antimullerian hormones shrinks Mullerian ducts 6) DHT masculinizes external genitalia |
| Development of Ovaries | 1) Undifferentiated Gonad 2) No SRY gene and androgrens 3) Mullerian ducts allowed to develop: internal genitalia 4) Parts of Wolffian Ducts regress and remain 5) External genitalia develop by default |
| Organizational Effect | The same steriod hormones that masculinizes the male genitalia also masculinizes the male brain and permanently alter behaviors |
| Aromatization Hypothesis | In rodents, Androgens enter the brain and converts to estrogen Estrogen masculinizes the brain |
| Turner Syndrome | Only one X Immature ovaries with few hormones |
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | XX, exposed to androgens Inner female genitalia Both female & male external genitalia |
| Cloacal Exstrophy | XY Interal male genitalia No external male genitalia (penis) |
| Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome | XY, but defective X needed to receive androgens 1) Antimullerian hormones shrink mullerian ducts 2) BUT Wolffian ducts don't masculinizes (no internal male genitalia) 3) External female parts develop by default 4) infertile, not internal female parts |
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