1.
After a distal tibial and talus osteotomy and the articular cartilage is removed, how do you join the tibia and the talus?: 2 lag screws
2.
After repairing a ruptured calcanean with a locking loop suture, in what position should you maintain the limb in?
With what 2 devices/fixatives could you do this to prevent stress on the tendon?: Slight extension
External fixator, positional screw
3.
Can OCD of the Talus be bilateral?: Yes
4.
Can rupture of the common calcanean tendon be chronic?: Yes (chronic stretching)
5.
Can you approach via a medial or lateral ARTHROTOMY to remove loose cartilage fragments with OCD of the talus?: Yes (Just depends on where the lesion is)
6.
Can you tx OCD of the talus conservatively?: Yes (if adequate pain relief is achieved)
7.
Do shearing injuries usually occur on the medial or lateral side of the bone?: Medial
8.
Do sporting dogs commonly get a unilateral or bilateral rupture of the common calcanean tendon?: Bilateral
9.
How are pins placed to create a partial carpal arthrodesis, retro or antegrade?: Retrograde
10.
How do you keep the tuber calcanei at a fixed angle to the tibia when performing an osteotomy?: Positional screw
11.
How fast is the onset of DJD with OCD of the talus?: RAPID
12.
How long do you keep external fixators or positional screws on the hock after placing a locking loop suture on a ruptured calcanean tendon?: 6-8wks
13.
How many joints does the carpus have?: 3
14.
How many joints does the tarsus have?: 4
15.
How will a chronic calcanean tendon rupture usually present when bearing weight?: Plantigrade
16.
How will the stance with an animal with OCD of the Talus?: HyperEXTENSION
17.
If a ligament is ruptured without a shearing injury, what 2 ways do you dx it?: Palpation
Stress rads
18.
If you didn't have bone screws, you can make _______ through the distal radius and radial carpal bone and pass suture through it.: tunnels
19.
In what joints will arthrodesis still yield NORMAL limb function in the carpus?: Middle carpal + Carpometacarpal
20.
In what types of dogs can you see CHRONIC rupture of the common calcanean tendon?: Sporting
21.
Is joint effusion commonly seen with OCD of the Talus?: Yes
22.
Is rupture of the common calcanean tenson a weight bearing lameness?: Yes
23.
Is the animal painful on manipulation of the joint if OCD of the talus is present?: Yes
24.
Is there inflammation associated with hyperextension injuries of the carpus?: Yes - Minimal
25.
Is there pain associated with hyperextension injuries of the carpus?: Yes - Minimal
26.
On PE of a ruptured calcanean tendon, how will the tarsus present in, hyperextension or hyperflexion?: hyperflexion
27.
T/F Conservative tx of OCD of the talus has the same prognosis with a tibiotarsal arthrodesis: T
28.
T/F Shearing injuries result in loss of ST and bone: T
29.
What 2 joints are fused with a partial carpal arthrodesis?: Middle + carpometacarpal
30.
What 2 PALMAR structures are torn with hyperextension injuries?: (palmar) fibrocartilage
(palmar) ligaments
31.
What 2 ways can you create a partial carpal arthrodesis?: T-plate (BIG dogs)
Pins
32.
What are the 4 indications to a TIBIOTARSAL (TRANSCRURAL) ARTHRODESIS?: Comminuted intra-articular fractures (racing grayhounds)
Severe DJD of hock
Chronic instability
Sciatic nerve palsy
33.
What breed of dog is predisposed to OCD of the Talus?: Rotties
34.
What can you place to tack down the tendon if not enough is left distally?: Tunnel
Screw + washer
35.
What do you repair a ruptured common calcanean tendon with?: Locking loop suture
36.
What endocrine dz can cause bilateral calcanean tendon laxity?: DM (cats)
37.
What has ruptured if you are placing bone screws and washers through the ulnar styloid process and the ulnar carpal bone?: Lateral collateral ligament of the carpus
38.
What immune-mediated joint disease can you see hyperextension injuries with?: Rheumatoid arthritis
39.
What important tendon inserts on the tuber calcanei?: Common calcanean
40.
What is a common distal limb injury that occurs with a fall or jumping from a short height?: Hyperextension injuries
41.
What is acute rupture of the common calcanean tendon due to?: Trauma
42.
What is an alternative to a partial carpal arthrodesis that looks like cross pins through all 3 carpal joints?: Limited partial carpal arthrodesis
43.
What is different about the collateral ligaments of the tarsus?: Have long (extension) and short (flexion) components
44.
What is the most common location of an injury causing a hyperextension injury?: Carpometacarpal (46%)
(28% Middle carpal, 16% combo middle + carpometacarpal and 10% antebrachiocarpal)
45.
What is the most common type of injury of the CARPUS?: Shearing
46.
What is the preferred method of fixation with hyperextension injuries of the carpus?: Partial Carpal Arthrodesis
47.
What is the prognosis of OCD of the talus with a tibiotarsal arthrodesis?: Poor-guarded
48.
What is the prognosis of OCD of the talus with removal of cartilage?: Poor-guarded
49.
What is the quickest way to repair a medial collateral ligament rupture?: Bone screw
50.
WHat size dogs do hyperextension injuries occur with?: Medium - large
51.
What STANCE is seen with hyperextension injuries?: Plantegrade
52.
What sx is indicated for severe OCD of the talus?: Tibiotarsal arthrodesis
53.
What type of fixation devices are usually used FOR SUPPORT when repairing shearing injuries of the carpus?: External fixators
54.
Where do you place the bone screws (2) when repairing a medial collateral ligament rupture?: Styloid process of RADIUS
Radial carpal bone
(Figure 8 a suture around screws + washers)
55.
Where is the most common location for OCD of the talus?: Medial ridge (sometimes lateral)
56.
Where will you see FIBROSIS associated with OCD of the talus?: Medially
57.
Will a dogs stride be short or long with OCD of the talus?: Short
58.
Will an arthrodesis to tx OCD of the talus decrease limb function?: Yes
59.
Will an arthrodesis to tx OCD of the talus relieve pain?: YES
60.
Will OCD of the talus present like a ruptured calcanean tendon?: No! (Tendon - hyperflexion)
61.
Will you be able to palpate a discontinuity of the common calcanean tendon in ACUTE cases?: Yes
