Chapter 18 Applications of Immunology
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christinebjohnson on August 2, 2011
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is a Vaccine? | A vaccine is a suspension of microbes, which have been attenuated, killed, and or fractioned, and produces an immune response upon injection into a host. |
| What is attenuated? | Weakened |
| Types of Vaccines | Attenuated, whole-agent Inactivated, whole-agent Toxoids Subunit Conjugated |
| Attenuated, whole-agent Vaccine | *Living Agent, usually virus *Agent usually reproduces in host, therefore, generally provides most effective and long-lived immunity. *Microbe is either avirulent or less virulent than the disease-causing agent *Risk of Back mutation |
| What is vaccine back-mutation? | Risk of back-mutation to virulent forms may cause disease, particularly in an immunocompromised recipient |
| Examples of Attenuated, whole-agent vaccines. | Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) Oral polio (Sabin)' small pox, TB, nasal influenza vaccine. |
| Inactivated whole-agent Vaccine | Microbe is killed, usually by chemical treatment with phenol or formalin. |
| Examples of Inactivated whole-agent Vaccine | Rabies and injected influenza vaccine Injected polio (Salk) |
| Why get vaccinated each year for seasonal flu? | In order to be protected against the strains that have mutated. |
| Toxoids | Inactivated Toxins |
| Examples of Toxoid Vaccines | Tetanus and diptheria |
| Subunit Vaccine | Microbes and fragmented (acellular) This vaccine has the lowest risk for side effects |
| Examples of subunit vaccines | Hepatitis B Produced by genetically-modified yeast. |
| Conjugated Vaccines | Microbial polysaccharides are coupled with proteins to enhance T-cell response |
| Example of Conjugated Vaccine | Haemophilus influenza b |
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