Endocrine - Adrenal Glands
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jenfru3872 on August 2, 2011
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 adrenal glands | a pair of highly vascular organs that are triangular in shape, located in top of each kidney |
| medulla | the inner part of the adrenal glands is called the _____ |
| cortex | the outter part of the adrenal glands is called the _____. |
| catacholamines, epinephrine, norepinephrine | When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated the medulla secretes two types of _____, which are _____ and _____. |
| epinephrine, norepinephrine | These are neurotransmitters, release into blood stream, and circulate to target organs or tissue where they cause an effect on the adrenergic receptors |
| mineralcorticoids | these play a key role in regulating extracellular fluid volume and electrolytes |
| mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens | three hormones secreted by the adrenal gland cortex |
| mineralcorticoid | aldosterone is a ______. |
| glucocorticoid | cortisol is a _____ |
| glucocorticoid | regulates cell activity, controls CHO, lipid and fat metabolism, affects growth, stimulates liver to change glucose to glycogen, anti- inflammatory - blocks effects of histamine, also controls emotional state (stress hormone) |
| growth, muscle, fat | Decreased _____ hormone, decreased _____ mass and increased ____ storage are all age related changes |
| addisons disease | adrenal hypofunction, adrenocortisol insufficiency |
| primary addisons | caused by destructive disease process causing deficiencies in cortisol and aldosterone |
| secondary addisons | result of dysfunction of hypothalamus or pituitary (decreased ACTH)- aldosterone may or may not be affected. |
| aldosterone, hyperpigmentation | Decreased levels of _____- alter clearance of potassium, water and sodium- leading to hyperkalemia; this leads to retention of hydrogen ions leading to metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia and hyponatremia- leads to retention of both Other characteristics; progressive weakness, lethargy, abd pain, malaise, _____ of skin |
| addisons crisis | acute profound Hypotension, tachycardia, dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, confusion, and NVD. |
| low, high | In addisons crisis, if plasma ACTH is ____ then the pituitary is a fault, if ____ then the adrenal gland are at fault |
| electrolytes, dextrose, hydrocortisone | Addisonian crisis is treated with IV fluids, ____and _____ to restore normal BP, stat admin of ______bolus and continuous infusion |
| hypotension, irregular | In addisonion crisis, ____ is the most significant and dangerous assessment finding, along with ___ pulse |
| protien, cholesterol, potassium, salt | Pts with addisons should consume a diet high in _____, low ____ and ___, with ____ added liberally |
| Cushings | production of excessive amounts of corticosteroids, particularly glucocorticoids, can be caused by long term glucocorticoid therapy, tumors |
| exogenous cushings | single cause for this is prolonged admin of high doses of cortico-steroids. Inflammation disease i.e arthritis , COPD, crohns and others. |
| truncal, hair, facial | Physical manifestations of cushings include ___ obesity, excessive ____, and ____fullness |
| delayed wound healing | In a cushings pt, ____ may mask s/s of infection |
| insomnia, irrational behavior, mood disturbances, irritability, anxiety | name 5 emotional changes related to cushings |
| muscle, osteoporosis | Cushings may cause ____ wasting of extremities and ____ in bones |
| dexamethasone | ___ suppression test may be done to diagnose cushings. |
| neuro status | In dealing with a cushings pt, the nurse should be aware of any changes in _____, such as headache, change in LOC, and papillary responses. |
| infection, reverse isolation | Cushings pts carry a high risk for ____, and may be placed in _______ |
| pheochromocytoma | a tumor, usually benign on adrenal medulla causing excessive secretion of catecholamines |
| pheochromocytoma | characterized by episodes exaggerated flight or fight responses htn, hyper metabolism, and hyperglycemia |
| blood pressure | Cardinal symptom of pheochromocytoma is extremely high _____. |
| emotional stress | pheochromocytoma attacks can be triggered by ____ |
| surgical removal of tumor or gland | treatment of choice for pheochromocytoma |
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