Ch 16 self test Urinary System & Venipuncture
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The kidneys are __________ structures. | Retroperitoneal |
| The ureters enter the ________ aspect of the bladder. | Posterolateral |
| The kidneys lie on the __________ surface of each psoas major muscle. | Anterior |
| The kidneys lie at a ________ angle in ralation to the coronal plane. | 30 degree |
| The three constricted points along the length of the ureters where a kidney stone is most likely to lodge are: | Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) Near brim of pelvis Uretrovesical junction (UVJ) |
| An abnormal drop of more than _____ inches or _______ cm, in the position of the kidneys when the patient is erect indication a condition termed nephroptosis. | 2 INCHES 5 CM |
| The buildup of nitrogenous waste in the blood creates a condition called | Uremia |
| How much urine is normally produced by the kidneys in 24 hours | 1.5 liters |
| The renal veins connect directly to the | Inferior vena cava |
| The 8 to 18 conical masses found within the renal medulla are called the | Renal Pyramids |
| The major calyces of the kidney unite to form the | Renal Pelvis |
| The microscopic unit of the kidney (of which there are more than 1 million in each kidney) is called the | NEPHRON |
| T or F The loop of Henle and collecting tubules are located primarily in the medulla of the kidney | TRUE |
| T or F About 50% of the glomerular filtrate processed by the nephron is reabsorbed into the kidney's venous system. | FALSE (is 99% filtrated) |
| The inner, posterior triangular aspect of the bladder that is attached to the floor of the pelvis is called the | TRIGONE |
| Under what circumstances should a pregnant patient have an IVU performed? | When the benefit of the procedure outweighs the risks of the radiation exposure |
| List the two classes of iodinated contrast media used for urinary studies | IONIC NONIONIC |
| Dissociates into two separate ions once injected Uses as salt as its cation Parent compound is a carboxyl group Less expensive of the two types Diatrizoate is a common anion Creates a hypertonic condition in blood plasma | IONIC |
| Possesses low osmolality Produces a less severe contrast media reaction Does not contain a cation Creates a near isotonic solution | NONIONIC |
| The normal range of creatinine in an adult is | 0.6 to 1.5 mg/dl |
| How long must a patient be witheld from taking METFORMIN following an iodinated contrast media procedure? | 48 hours |
| Which one of the following conditions is considered high risk for an iodinated contrast media procedure? | PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA |
| What is the best course of action for a patient experiencing a mild level contrast media reaction? | Observe and reassure patient |
| Which of the following is an example of vasovagal reaction? | Cardiac arrhythmias |
| A true allergic reation to iodinated contrast agent is classified as an | Anaphylactic reaction |
| Tachycardia (>100 beats/min) is a symptom of a | Moderate reaction |
| Brachycardia (>50 beats/min) is a symptom of | Severe |
| Which of the following drugs may be given to minimize the risk for acute renal failure follwing a contrast media procedure? | LASIX |
| Metformin is a drug given to patients with | Diabetes |
| Which one of the following drugs can be given as part of the premedication protocol before an iodinated contrast media procedure? | Prednisone |
| Excretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake is the general definition for | Nephroptosis |
| Constant or frequent involuntary passage of urine is termed | Urinary Incontinence |
| The absence of a functioning kidney is called | Renal Agenesis |
| Complete cessation of urinary secretion by the kidneys is termed | Anuria |
| T or F Adult forms of polycystic disease are inherent | TRUE |
| Hypernephroma is another term for | Renal cell carcinoma |
| Extravasation is classified as an _______ reaction | Organ-specific |
| Laryngeal swelling is classified as a | Severe level reaction |
| Hot flashes are classified as an | Side Effect |
| Which one of the following vein is not normally selected for venipuncture during an IVU? | Axillary |
| At what angle is the needle advanced into the vein during venipuncture? | 20 to 45 degree |
| How long should the venipuncture site be cleaned with an alcohol wipe before needle insertion? | 30 seconds |
| How high should the tourniquet be placed above the puncture site? | 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10cm) |
| T or F Bladder carcinoma is three times more common in males than females. | TRUE |
| Which one of the following conditions may produce hydronephrosis? | Renal Obstruction |
| Which one of the following pathologic indications is an example of a congenital anomaly of the urinary system? | Ectopic Kidney |
| T or F The patient should void before the IVU to prevent dilution of the contrast media in the bladder. | TRUE |
| What is the normal range for a patient's BUN? | 8 to 25mg/100ml |
| Which one of the following conditions would contraindicate the use of ureteric compression? | Ureteric Calculi |
| Typically, at what timing sequence during an IVU are the oblique projection taken? | 20 min following injection |
| Which projections best demonstrates the renal parenchyma? When should it be taken? | Nephrogram or Nephrotomography Immediately after completion of injection |
| Which procedure may require a BRONEY CLAMP? | Retrograde Urethrogram on a Male |
| Which specific body position will place the right kidney parallel to the IR? | 30 degree LPO |
| T or F The gonadal does for the AP postvoid projection is higher for male patients than for female patients | FALSE (females) |
| T or F The retrograde ureterogram will demonstrate the ureters, renal pelvis, and major and minor calyces. | FALSE (primarily the URETER) |
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