| Term | Definition |
|---|
| utopia | perfect place |
| Whig Party | political party OPPOSED to Jackson, favored a weak president and a strong congress |
| transcendentalism | to "rise above" material things |
| Romantics | group of authors and artists during the 1800s who thought people should return to nature |
| spoils system | rewarding your supporters government jobs |
| kitchen cabinet | group of advisors to Andrew Jackson, group of close friends who met in a common area of the White House |
| John Calhoun | Andrew Jackson's vice president who he had hung for treason |
| Jacksonian Democracy | a government based on the common man - 1820 to 1840 |
| Worcester v. Georgia | ruled that the Cherokee tribe was independent from the US, 1832 - Jackson ignored it |
| Indian Removal Act | 1830 - law that moved all Native Americans living East of the Mississippi to Indian Territory |
| Second Great Awakening | period of renewal in Christian beliefs, occurred during the 1800s |
| Trail of Tears | 1838-39, 800 mile forced march of the Cherokee from Georgia to Indian Territory |
| Panic of 1837 | a period of economic depression after Andrew Jackson's presidency, lead to the election of the Whigs |
| Nullification Crisis | South Carolina threatened to leave the US, Andrew Jackson used the army and had his vice president hung to prevent it |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | created the National Bank, state powers were limited |
| John Marshall | Supreme Court Chief Justice who ruled on many important trials, helped create a strong Supreme Court |
| paper money | Andrew Jackson hated this form of currency; felt it had no "real" value |
| Battle of New Orleans | final battle of the War of 1812, occurred two weeks after the treaty was signed, Andrew Jackson became a war hero |
| bigamy | term that describes Andrew Jackson's marriage to his wife was controversial because she was married to "two" people |
| Industrial Revolution | the 2nd Great Awakening, transcendentalism, and Romantics developed as a reaction to this, an event occuring the the US creating cities and factories |
| Seminole | Native American tribe in FLORIDA who raided settlements in Georgia, Andrew Jackson sent to stop them and ends up taking Florida |
| Adams-Onis Treaty | agreement that gave Florida to the US |
| judicial review | Marbury v. Madison established this, the power of the Supreme Court |
| Protestant | the form of Christianity that most Americans follow |
| Catholic | the original form of Christianity prior to the split in the church in the 1400s |
| Edgar Allan Poe | author of The Raven and Tell-Tale Heart |
| Emily Dickenson | very popular female poet during the Romantic period, did not become famous until after she died |
| Sutter's Mill | place in California where gold was discovered |
| 49ers | nickname for the miners who flocked to California for gold |
| American River | the river where gold was discovered in California |
| Chinese | group of immigrants who came from across the Pacific who also searched for gold |
| 1848 | the year gold was discovered in California |
| 7th | Which president was Andrew Jackson? |
| tariff | taxes on imported goods |
| War of 1812 | the name for Mr. Madison's War, or the Second War for Indpendence |
| Britain | the country the US fought during the War of 1812 |
| Old Hickory | nickname for Andrew Jackson, meant he was "tough" |
| civilized tribe | name for groups of Indians who tried to fit in with the Americans, went to school & adopted American culture |
| pirates | group who helped Andrew Jackson fight at New Orleans, provided supplies and cannons |
| corruption | the reason Andrew Jackson ran for president, to stop this in government |
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