EMT FINAL exam
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213 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 designated agent | EMT or other person authorized by a medical director to give medication or give emergency care, extension of medical director's license to practice |
| medical direction | oversight of patient-care of ems system |
| on-line medical direction | orders from an on-duty physician given directly to EMT through radio or phone |
| off-line medical direction | orders from medical director to EMT to give certain medications or do certain procedures without speaking to medical director or physician |
| medical director | physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient care aspects of EMS system |
| 911 system | -system for telephone access to report emergencies -dispatcher takes info and alert EMS or fire or police -"enhanced 911" has capability of automatically identify caller's number and location |
| protocols | -lists of steps ( assessments and interventions) to be taken in different situations -developed by medical director of EMS system |
| quality improvement | -process of continuous self review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that require improvement |
| standing orders | -policy or protocol issued by medical director that authorizes EMT's and others to perform particular skills in certain situations |
| contamination | introduction of dangerous chemicals, disease, or infectious materials |
| CISM critical incident stress management | comprehensive system that includes education and resources to both prevent stress and to deal with stress appropriately when it occurs |
| decontamination | removal or cleansing of dangerous chemicals and other dangerous or infectious materials |
| hazardous-material incident | release of a harmful substance into the environment |
| multiple casualty incident MCI | emergency involving multiple patients |
| pathogens | organisms that cause infection such as viruses and bacteria |
| advance directive | DNR order |
| abandonment | leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before patient has been transferred to someone with equal or greater medical training |
| stress | state of physical and or psychological arousal to a stimulus |
| standard precautions | strict form of infection control that is based on assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious |
| PPE personal protective | equipment that protects the EMS worker from infection or exposure to danger of rescue operations |
| confidentiality | obligation not to reveal information obtained about a patient except to other health care professionals involved in patient's care |
| consent | permission from patient for care or other action by EMT |
| DNR order | don not resuscitate order, legal document signed by patient and physician and states patient has terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life |
| duty to act | obligation to provide care to patient |
| expressed consent | consent given by adults of legal age and mentally competent to make a rational decision in regard to their medical well-being |
| good samaritan laws | series of laws varying in each state designed to provide limited legal protection for citizens and some health care personnel when they are administered care |
| HIPAA | health insurance portability and accountability act, federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care information and providing the patient with control over how this information is used and distributed |
| implied consent | consent presumed by patient or patient's parent would give if they could such as for an unconscious patient or small child at school |
| scope of practice | set of regulations and ethical considerations that define the scope, or extent and limits of the EMT's job |
| abdominal quadrants | 4 divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury RUQ,LUQ,RLQ,LLQ |
| acetabulum | pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of femur fits to form the hip joint |
| acromioclavicular join | joint where the acromion and clavicle meet |
| acromion process | highest portion of the shoulder |
| alveoli | microscopic sacs of lungs where gas exchange with bloodstream takes place |
| anatomical position | standard reference position for the body, body stands erect facing the observer with arms down at sides and palms of hands forward |
| anatomy | study of body structure |
| anterior | front of body or body part |
| aorta | largest artery in body, transports blood from left ventricle to being systemic circulation |
| appendix | small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in right lower quadrant of abdomen |
| arteriole | smallest kind of artery |
| artery | any blood vessel carrying blood away from heart |
| artria | two upper chambers of heart |
| right atrium | receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body |
| left atrium | receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs |
| automaticity | ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own |
| autonomic nervous system | division of peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions |
| bilateral | on both sides |
| blood pressure | pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels, usually arterial blood pressure is measured, diastolic/systolic |
| brachial artery | artery of upper arm, site of pulse checked during infant CPR |
| bronchi | two large sets of branches that come off trachea and enter lungs, right and left bronchi |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| capillary | thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with body' cells takes place |
| cardiac conduction system | system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat |
| cardiac muscle | specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart |
| cardiovascular system | system made up of heart( cardio) and blood vessels (vascular), circulatory system |
| carotid arteries | large neck arteries, one on each side of neck, that carry blood from the heart to head |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| central nervous system(CNS) | brain and spinal cord |
| central pulses | carotid and femoral pulses, which can be felt in central part of body |
| clavicle | collarbone |
| coronary arteries | blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart(myocardium) |
| cranium | top, back, sides of skull |
| cricoid cartilage | ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of larynx |
| dermis | inner(second) layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath epidermis |
| diaphragm | muscular structure that divides chest cavity from abdominal cavity, major muscle of respiration |
| diastolic pressure | pressure in arteries when the left ventricle refilling |
| digestive system | system by which food travels through body and digested, or broken down into absorbable forms |
| distal | farther away from torso |
| dorsal | referring to back of body |
| dorsal pedis artery | artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe |
| endocrine system | system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions |
| epidermis | outer layer of skin |
| epiglottis | leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering trachea |
| epinephrine | hormone produced by body, as medication it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions |
| exhalation | passive process in which intercostal muscles(ribs) and diaphragm relax, causing chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out lungs |
| femoral artery | major artery supplying leg |
| femur | large bone of thigh |
| fibula | lateral and smaller bone of lower leg |
| fowler's position | sitting position |
| gallbladder | sac on underside of liver that stores bile produced by the liver |
| humerus | bone of upper arm, between shoulder and elbow |
| hypoperfusion | inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of body caused by insufficient flow of blood through capillaries |
| ilium | superior and widest portion of pelvis |
| inferior | away from the head |
| inhalation | active process in which intercostal muscles(ribs) and diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into lungs |
| insulin | hormone produced by pancreas or taken as medication by many diabetics |
| involuntary muscle | muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled |
| ischium | lower, posterior portions of pelvis |
| joint | point where two bones come together |
| large intestine | muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from small intestine and removes anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body |
| larynx | voice box |
| lateral | to the side, away from midline |
| ligament | tissue that connects bone to bone |
| liver | largest organ, produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in body |
| lungs | organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place |
| malleolus | protrusion on the side of ankle |
| lateral malleolus | at lower end of fibula, seen on outer ankle |
| medial malleolus | lower end of tibia, seen on inner ankle |
| mandible | lower jaw bone |
| manubrium | superior portion of sternum |
| maxillae | two fused bones forming the upper jaw |
| medial | toward midline |
| metacarpals | hand bones |
| metatarsals | foot bones |
| mid-axillary line | line drawn vertically from middle of armpit to ankle |
| mid-clavicular line | line through center of each clavicle |
| midline | imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left |
| muscle | tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part |
| musculoskeletal system | system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement |
| nasopharynx | area directly posterior to nose |
| nervous system | system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought |
| oropharynx | area directly posterior to mouth |
| pancreas | gland located behind stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in duodenum of small intestine |
| perfusion | supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of body as a result of the flow of blood through capillaries |
| PNS peripheral nervous system | nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between brain and organs without passing through spinal cord |
| peripheral pulses | radial, brachial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral (outlying) points of the body |
| pharynx | area directly posterior to mouth and nose, made up of oropharynx and nasopharynx |
| plane | flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object |
| plasma | fluid portion of blood |
| platelets | components of the blood, membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells |
| posterior | back of body |
| posterior tibial artery | artery supplying the foot behind the medial ankle |
| prone | laying face down |
| proximal | closer to torse |
| pulmonary arteries | vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of heart to lungs |
| pulmonary veins | vessels that carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium of heart |
| pulse | rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand arteries |
| radial artery | artery of lower arm |
| recovery position | lying on side, also called "lateral recumbent position" |
| red blood cells | components of blood, carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from cells |
| respiratory system | system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into body and expels carbon dioxide |
| small intestine | muscular tube between stomach and large intestine, divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum which receives partially digested food from stomach and continues digestion, nutrients are absorbed by body through its walls |
| spleen | organ located in left upper quadrant of abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and reservoir for reserves of blood |
| sternum | breastbone |
| stomach | muscular sac between esophagus and the small intestine where digestion begins |
| subcutaneous layers | layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis |
| superior | toward the head |
| supine | laying on back |
| systolic blood pressure | pressure created in arteries when left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation |
| tarsals | ankle bones |
| tendon | tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| thorax | chest |
| tibia | the medial and larger bone of lower leg |
| torso | trunk of body, body without the head and extremities |
| trachea | "windpipe", structure that connects the pharynx to lungs |
| trendelenburg position | position which the patient's feet and legs are higher than head |
| ulna | medial bone of forearm |
| valve | structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction |
| venae cavae | superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, these two major veins return blood from body to right atrium |
| ventral | referring to front of body |
| ventricles | two lower chambers of heart, right ventricle sends oxygen -poor blood to lungs and left ventricle sends oxygen-rich blood to body |
| venule | smallest kind of vein |
| vertebrae | 33 bones of spinal column |
| voluntary muscle | muscle that can be consciously controlled |
| white blood cells | components of blood, produce substances that help body fight infection |
| xiphoid process | inferior portion of sternum |
| zygomatic arches | form the structure of cheeks |
| primary function of autonomic nervous system | regulate unconscious or involuntary body functions |
| AVPU | alert, responds to verbal stimulus, responds to pain stimulus, unresponsive |
| SAMPLE | signs & symptoms, allergies, medical history, past medications, last oral intake, event that led to injury/illness |
| DCAPBTLS | deformities, contusions, abrasion, punctures, burns, tenderness, lacerations, swelling |
| OPQRST | onset, provocation, quality, radiation, severity, time |
| ABC | airway, breathing, circulation |
| AED | automated external defribrilator |
| ALS | advanced life support |
| BSI | body substance isolation |
| BVM | bag valve mask |
| COPD | chronic obstruction pulmonary disease |
| CPR | cardio pulmonary resuscitation |
| FBAO | foreign body airway obstruction |
| LPM | liters per minute |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| NRB | non rebreather mask |
| 02 | oxygen |
| OPA | oropharyngeal airway |
| PSI | pounds per square inch |
| SAED | semi automatic external defribrillator |
| fetus | developing baby |
| uterus | womb |
| placenta | afterbirth |
| amniotic fluid | fluid-filled membrane where fetus develops |
| cervix | mouth of uterus |
| eclampsia | convulsions resulting from severe hypertension |
| ectopic pregnancy | development of the fetus outside the uterus |
| miscarriage | spontaneous abortion |
| placenta abruption | premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus |
| placenta previa | development of the fetus over the mouth of the uterus |
| asystole | absence of ventricular contractions |
| brachial pulse | pulse produced by compressing major artery of the upper arm |
| bradycardia | abnormal heart rate, usually 50 or fewer beats per minute |
| diastole | period of myocardial relaxation during which cardiac chambers fill |
| epiglottis | inflammation appearing similar in clinical picture to croup, oxygen therapy contraindicated |
| hypertension | blood pressure above normal range |
| hypotension | blood pressure below that considered normal |
| laryngectomee | patient who breathes through incision (partial or total removal of larynx) made in throat |
| obstructed airway | occurs when food bolus or other object prevents inspiratory/expiratory process |
| sphygmomanometer | instrument used to determine arterial pressure with non-invasive technique |
| systole | part of cardiac cycle during which myocardial fibers contract and cardiac chambers empty |
| tachycardia | abnormal heart rate, usually 120+ beats per minute |
| hypoglycemia | condition of low blood pressure |
| diabetic coma | ketcacidosis and hyperglycemia |
| angina pectoris | chest pain caused by stress or exertion |
| nitroglycerine | medication used for chest pain |
| acute myocardial infarction | heart attack |
| T.I.A | temporary signs of a stroke |
| pulmonary edema | fluid in lungs |
| C.V.A. | stroke |
| dyspnea | difficulty in breathing |
| insulin shock | condition of low blood pressure |
| asthma | chronic obstructive lung disease triggered by allergy condition |
| cyanosis | sign that adequate perfusion is not accomplished |
| emphysema | degeneration of alveolar structure |
| apnea | condition of not breathing |
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