Diseases of Arteries & Veins Part 2
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Created by:
Chrsdibble on August 7, 2011
Description:
Inflammatory Disease --> Chronic Venous Insufficiency
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is Vasculitis? | Inflammation of blood vessels |
| What are the characteristics of Polyarteritis Nodosa? | Numerous inflammatory nodules form in small & medium size vessels. |
| What vessels would you expect to see polyarteritis nodosa in? | Small & Medium size |
| What vasculitis disease is typically found in small and medium size vessels? | Polyarteritis Nodosa |
| What vasculitis disease is characterized by numerous inflammatory nodules? | Polyarteritis Nodosa |
| What population is typically associated with polyarteritis nodosa? | I.V. drug abusers |
| What are the symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa? | Anorexia, weight loss, NVD, organ effects due to ischemia, and increased risk of thromus, stroke and aneurysm. |
| Why does polyarteritis nodosa increase risk of thrombus, stroke & aneurysm? | Inflammation damages the BV walls activating the clotting cascades. |
| How do we treat polyarteritis nodosa? | High-dose corticosteroids & immunosuppression |
| What is the most common vasculitis? | Giant Cell Arteritis |
| What group of people is most effected by Giant Cell Arteritis? | Elderly |
| What vasculitis disease is typically found in large size vessels? | Giant Cell Arteritis |
| What vasculitis is identified by branching off the larger arteries? | Giant Cell Arteritis |
| What large arteries are typically effected by Giant Cell Arteritis? | Opthalmic, Temporal, Vertebral |
| What are the characteristics of giant cell arteritis? | Inflammation develops raidly and eventually involves the entire vessel wall. |
| What type of cells would you expect to see with giant cell arteritis? | Multinucleated |
| What are some common manifestations of giant cell arteritis? | Headache, blurred vision, blindness, aortic aneurysm (10% of patients) and 50% have polymalgia. |
| How do we treat giant cell arteritis? | High-dose corticosteroids |
| What is Buerger disease? | Inflammation of the peripheral arteries |
| What is another name for Buerger Disease? | Thromboangiitis Obliterans |
| What population would you typically see buerger disease in? | Young men who are heavy cigarette smokers |
| What is the main cause of buerger disease? | Cigarette smoke |
| What are the characteristics of buerger disease? | Vasospasm, thrombus formation, destroys function of small & medium arteries in extremities. |
| What vasculitis disease destroys function in small & medium arteries in the extremities? | Buerger Disease |
| What are the manifestations of Buerger Disease? | Pain, tenderness, sluggish blood flow, ischemia, hypoxia, skin & nails "thin", and gangrene if severe. |
| How do we treat Buerger Disease? | Stop smoking and vasodilators |
| What is Raynaud Phenomenon & Disease? | Uncontrolled vasospasm of small arteries in the fingers and toes. |
| What vasculitis disease effects primarily small arteries in the fingers and toes? | Raynaud Phenomenon & Disease |
| Name the vasculitis disease(s) that are caused by inflammatory response: | 1. Polyarteritis Nodosa 2. Giant Cell Arteritis 3. Buerger Disease |
| What are some examples of causes of Raynaud Phenomenon? | Frostbite, butchers, jackhammers |
| What group does Raynaud Disease primarily affect? | Healthy young women exposed to stress and cold. |
| What are the possible causes of Raynaud Disease? | Sympathetic over-activity |
| What are some manifestations of Raynaud Disease? | Numbness, Tingling, Ischemia, cyanosis, Rubor after vasospasm, brittle skin and nails, gangrene and ulceration if severe. |
| How do we treat Raynaud Disease? | Avoidance, vasodilators, sympathetic denervation if intractable. |
| Name the vasculitis disease(s) that are caused by trama: | 1. Raynaud Disease 2. Raynaud Phenomenon |
| What do we call a blood clot that can occur in arteries or veins? | Thrombus |
| What are the causes of a thrombus? | Injury, stasis of blood, surgery, immobility, hypercoaguability, post-partum, and atherosclerosis. |
| What is a thrombus? | Blood clot |
| What do we call an obstruction of a blood vessel by something that lodges there? | Embolism |
| What is an Embolism? | Obstruction of a blood vessel by something that lodges there. |
| What is the most common cause of embolism? | Clot |
| What can cause a embolism? | Thrombus, bacteria, fat...broken long bone, lymphatic blockage, air, and cancer cells. |
| Why is deep vein thrombus more common than arterial thrombus? | Stagnant blood at a lower pressure |
| Where would one expect to see deep vein thrombus? | Lower legs |
| What are the symptoms of DVT? | Often asymptomatic, swelling, edema, pain with compression |
| What is the bancroft sign? | Pain with compression typically in the legs. |
| How would we treat DVT? | Thrombolytics and anti-coagulants |
| How does TPA work? | Breaks up clot |
| How do anti-coagulants work? | Prevents formation of clots |
| What are some common agent that can be used to prevent the formation of a DVT? | Warfarin, and Aspirin |
| What disease is characterized by distended vein in which blood has pooled? | Varicose Veins |
| What are varicose veins? | Distended vein in which blood has pooled. |
| What veins are typically effected by varicose veins? | Large veins of the leg |
| What are the causes of varicose veins? | Prolonged standing, pregnancy, and obesity. |
| What are the manifestations of varicose veins? | Painful, unsightly, swelling, edema. |
| It is important to know that varicose veins are rarely serious but may lead to _______ _______ ________ which is dangerous. | Chronic venous insufficiency |
| What is Chronic Venous Insufficiency characterized by? | Failure of venous valves to close |
| What are some causes of chronic venous insufficiency? | Chronic distention of veins Varicose veins Trauma to valves |
| What are the manifestations of CVI? | Pathological changes to tissues due to ischemia, accumulation of wastes, hypoxia. Stasis dermatitis, stasis ulcer Marked edema of feet & ankles Poor healing |
| What is a common inflammatory skin disease that occurs on the lower extremities in patients with chronic venous insufficiency with venous hypertension? | Stasis Dermatitis |
| What are wounds that are thought to occur due chronic venous insufficiency, usually of the legs. They are the major cause of chronic wounds, occurring in 70% to 90% of chronic wound cases. | Stasis Ulcer |
| How do we treat chronic venous insufficiency? | Elastic stockings, avoid standing, elevate feet, and surgery |
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