1.
Anti-cholinergic drugs work by: blocking the cholinergic stimulation on the smooth muscles around the airways, preventing them from constricting
2.
Anti-inflammatory drugs-corticosteroids: Beclomethasone (QVAR)
Budesonide (Pulmicort)
Flunisolide (AeroBid)
Fluticasone (Flovent)
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Mometasone (Asmanex Twisthaler)
Prednisolone (Pelone)
Prednisone (Deltasone
Triamcinolone (Azmacort)
3.
Anti-tussives: Benzonatate (Tessalon)
Codeine + Guaifensin (Cheracol)
Dextromethorphan (Delsym)
Diphenhydramine (Hydramine cough)
4.
antibiotic choice depends on: symptoms, age, severity of illness, comorbid conditions, antibiotic allergies, organism causing infection.
When unknown, empiric therapy is given.
5.
Antibiotic, Cephalosproin: Cefdinir (Omnicef)
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Cefotaxime (Claforan)
Cephalexin (Keflex)
6.
Antibiotic, Fluoroquinolone: Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Gatifloxacin (Tequin)--discontinued
Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
Ofloxacin (Floxin)
7.
Antibiotic, Penicillins: Amoxicillin
Ampicillin (Amoxil)
Ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn)
Augmentin (Amoxicillin/Clauvanate)
Cloxacillin (Tegopne)
Dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
Nafcillin
Penicillin (Pen-VK)
Piperacillin (Pipracil)
Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn)
Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin/Clavulanate (Timentin)
8.
Antibiotic, Tetracycline: Doxycyline (Vibramycin)
Minocyline (Minocin)
Tetracycline (Achromycin)
9.
antibiotics work by: killing bacteria causing infection.
Finish full course to prevent bacterial resistance.
10.
antibiotics, beta-lacatms work by: disrupting synthesis of bacterial cell wall, which disrupts growth
11.
antibiotics, fluoroquinolones work by: interfere with bacteria DNA replication
12.
Antibiotics, inhaled: tobramycin (TOBI)
13.
antibiotics, macrolides: Azithromcyin (Zithromax)
Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
Erythromycin
14.
antibiotics, macrolides work by: inhibiting bacteria protein synthesis
15.
antibiotics, other: Fosfomycin (Monurol)
Nitrofurantoin (Madcrodantin, Macrobid) * turns urine brown/dark yellow
Noroxin (Norfloxacin) quinolone class
16.
Antibiotics, Sulfonamide: Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
*increased sensitivity to sunlight
17.
Anticholinergics: Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Tiotropium (Spiriva HandiHaler)
18.
Antihistamines, non-sedating: Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Desloratadine (Clarinex)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Loratadine (Claritin)
19.
Antihistamines, sedating: Azelastine (Astelin)
Brompheniramine (Bromfed)
Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
Clemastine (Tavist)
Cyroheptadine (Periactin)
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril)
Olopatadine (Patanol)
Promethazine (Phenergan)
20.
Antileukotrienes: Montelukast (Singulair)
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
21.
Antileukotrienes work by: inhibiting or blocking attachment of leukotriens to receptor sites. Inflammatory effect is reduced.
Mainly given to asthma patients.
22.
antitussives used for: reducing dry, hacking, nonproductive cough
23.
Antiviral: Lamivudine (Epivir-HBV)
Adefovir (Hepsera)
Entecavir (Baraclude)
Ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol)
24.
Beta agonists, long-acting: SR albuterol tablets
Formoterol (Foradil)
Salmeterol (Serevent)
lasts 12 hours
25.
Beta-agonists work by: stimulating the beta receptors, which causes the smooth muscles wrapped around the airways to relax. Also make it easier to get rid of mucus.
26.
Beta-agonists, short acting: Albuterol (ProAir, Provental, Ventolin)
Bitolterol (Tornalate)
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Pirbuterol (Maxair Autoinhaler)
27.
Beta-lactam + beta-lactase inhibitors: Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)
Piperacillin-tazobactam (zosyn)
Ticarcillin-clavulante (Timentin)
28.
bronchodilators: beta agonists
anticholinergics
theophylline
29.
CF treatment medications: pancreatic enzyme
vitamins
Tobramyci inhalation-28 days on, 28 days off
beta agonists
Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) daily makes mucus less thick.
30.
codeine & dextromethorphan work by: depressing cough control center in brain
31.
COLD treatment medications: beta agonists, anticholinergics, theophyline, corticosteroids.
32.
Combo steroid & long-acting beta agonist: Advair (Fluticosone/Salmeterol)
33.
Corticosteroid weakness: takes 1-2 weeks for improvement, 4 weeks for full effect
34.
Corticosteroids: methylprednisolone
hydrocortisone
prednisone
35.
Corticosteroids treat: COLD
CF
acute asthma episodes
36.
Corticosteroids work by: reducing airway swelling & mucus
reducing airway hyperreactivity
37.
decongestants work by: reducing swelling of mucous membranes (vasoconstriction).
Topical products lose effectiveness after 4 days, will cause rebound symptoms.
38.
decongestants, oral: Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
39.
decongestants, topical: Naphazoline (Privine)
Phenylephrine (4-Way Fast Acting)
Propylhexedrine (Benzedrex)
Xylometazoline (Otrivin)
40.
diphenhydramine works by: depressing cough control center in brain AND antihistamine
41.
Expectorants: Guaifenesin (Robitussin, Mucinex)
42.
Expectorants work by: loosening mucus and decreasing its viscosity (thickness)
43.
Mast cell stabilizer: Cromolyn (NasalCrom)
Nedocromil (Tilade)
44.
Mast cell stabilizers work by: preventing mast cells from releasing histamine to avoid inflammatory process before it starts.
Takes 2-4 weeks for maximum effect.
45.
Mucolytic agents: Dornase alfa (Pulmozyne)
46.
Mucolytic agents work by: decreasing lung sputum viscosity.
Allows it to be coughed up more easily.
47.
Nasal steroid downside: delayed action.
May take weeks to see full effects.
48.
Nasal Steroids: Budesonide (Rhinocort)
Flunisolide (Nasarel)
Fluticasone (Flonase)
Mometasone (Nasonex)
Triamcinolone (Nasacort)
49.
Nasal steroids work by: reducing nasal passage swelling
50.
Theophylline: Theophylline (Uniphyl, Theo-24)
51.
Theophylline works by: causing smooth muscles of airways to relax.
52.
Using topical decongestants more than 3 to 5 days: causes rebound congestion