| Term | Definition |
| treaty | a formal agreement between the governments of two or more countries |
| executive agreement | an agreement made between the president and a head of state |
| judicial restraint | the philosophy that the Supreme Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions |
| judicial activism | the philosophy that the Supreme Court should play an active role in shapaing national policies by addressing social and political issues |
| prior restraint | government censorship of information before its published or broadcast |
| probable cause | a reasonable basis to tbelieve a person or premises is linked to a crime |
| search warrant | an order signed by a judge describing a specific place to be searched for specific items |
| arrest warrant | an order signed by a judge naming the individual to be arrested for a specific crime |
| due process of law | principle in the Fifth Amendment stating that the government must follow proper constitutional procedures in trials and in other actions it takes against individuals |
| eminent domain | the power of the government to take private property for public use |
| lame duck | an outgoing official serving out the remainder of a term, after retiring or being defeated for re-election |
| poll tax | money paid in order to vote |