| Term | Definition |
|---|
| The classical era | the pinnacle of greek society but they soon fall into arrogance and disunity causing them to fall to foreign invasion |
| Thales of Miletus | makes 2 assumptions that the universe is goverend by natural law, and we can figure out those laws suports logos or logical thinking |
| Socrates | "know thy self" truth through self-examination, he was arrested for corrupting the youth of athens |
| Plato | the ideal plane and the models or forms are on earth u use logic to get here called "dualism" |
| Aristotle | plato's student, believes in truth, the ideal plane is the human mind and u use logic to get there, he observed things called conceptalization, he is THE FATHER OF EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE |
| Peloponnesian War | a war between the Delian League (athenian)and the Peloponnesian League(anti athenian) in 404 BC...Thucydides writes down this war and sau=ys athens started the war...sparta wins, athens loses |
| Philip the second of Macedon | he loves greece and wants to unite them and then takeover the rest of the world he beats greeeks in The Battle Of Chaeronea, and took control of greeks by means of the Greek League |
| Alexander the great | king of macedonia,leader of greece, blended culturers, and won against Darius 4 times until he died, and he conquered the persian empire and lots of egypt. |
| Hellenist era | means partly greek, an absolute monarchy after alexander dies divded in 3 parts, individulism is popular and so is cosmopolitism ...like the practical self centered stuff 338BC-31BC |
| cosmopolitinism | means polis and world, so city of the world we are the best basicallly |
| mystery cults | different religous groups dedicated to one main god supposivley secret, focus on one and one relationships, 2 main gods are Isis and Mithras |
| Euclid | he formalized geometry 323-283 BC |
| Zeno of Miletus | aprroch life with seriousness, dont complain, and duty is the highest virtue called stoicism |
| Epicurus of Samos | avoid pain have pleasure, wise pleasure, epicurinism the intellignet pursuit of pleasure |
| Estothenes | proved that the world is a sphere, and the world tilts at 23.5 degrees the worlds circumference is 25,000miles |
| Archimedes of Syracuse | best mathmatician of acient era, made a water pump, the death ray, and archimides claw |
| archiac art | no movement not very anatomically correct |
| classical art | not reflective of real life, female nudity, art after philosophy |
| hellenist art | dynamic motion, dark, personal, pverty stricken |
| geography of italy | it has mountains, deep rivers that r accesable, forests, nice cliamte, higher status of women, diverse people, and rich farmland |
| Mos mairorum | morals of the majority, tradition or customs |
| Res Noviae | change , this is bad |
| Gravitas | serious personality (this is good) |
| levitas | light personality (not good) |
| virtus | manly virtue, like stregnth and honor ( good thing) |
| auctoritas | NATURAL LEADERSHIP ABILITY (LIKE ALXANDER THE GREAT) also good |
| patrician | the ruling class, the rich all political power, land and money |
| plebian | evryone else not in ruling class |
| Conflict of the orders | pleb sessions were they threaten to leave for lack of power, so the patricians give them the written law, they can marry into patrican families, and their own assembly in Concilium Plebis |
| Cincinnatus | a pleb farmer, and soldier, became dictator stopped the army in 16 days and went back to farming "republican virtue', state comes b4 personal interests |
| consul | there r 2 of them they serve 1 year terms, they put assemblies in cession and they have veto power |
| Dictator | this is an emergency office, they have absolute power for 6 months |
| censor | there r 2 of them elected every 5 years, the do the census and choose new senators |
| praetor | there r 8 of them, law court judges, they can be a Proconsul or a temporary consul |
| Aedile | (4) two patrician, two plebian, arrange public ceremonies and food distribution |
| Quaestors | (20) only patricians they collect taxes and goverment funds for projects |
| cursus honorum | the path of honor, to move up a level in the political sense |
| Comitia Curiata | or lictors (30) they award military honors, and elect religous officials |
| Comitia Centuriata | or centuria (193) a regional draft board, assignment to century is based on wealth, 8 for knights, 90 for infantry, 95 for everyone else |
| Comitia tributa | or tribes (34) voting district based on inheritance, 1 tribe= 1 vote, 4 urban tribes (the rich), 30 rural tribes (the poor) |
| Concilium Plebis | the plebians court assembly, has full legislative power |
| Tribune | the plebians magistrate is called this ther are 10 of them they serve for 1 year htey have veto power |
| sacrosanct | this means you cant touch that person |
| commercium | to be allowed to trade in roman markets, if u r a socii or an alliance |
| connubium | socii can marry romans |
| Phryyhic victory | you win the battle but its alomst not worth winning because u lose so many people |
| The punic wars | 1st punic war: cartahgians against rome, rome wins. 2nd punic war: hannibal leads men into italy through the alps against rome, Battle of Cannae: rome loses, hannible wins, P. cornelius scipoio defeats hannibal and rome wins |
| Hannibal Banca | carthagian general, a genius strategist, leads men through the alps |
| Battle of Cynocephabe | rome wins, they stay in macedon with the greeks, they destroy corinth in 146 b.c. |
| Philip V of Macedon | went agianst the aetolian league which was the greeks and romans |
| latifundia | plantations owned by the rich worked only by slaves |
| proletariat | unemployed urban dwellers |
| tiberius gracchus | wealthy tribune, tryed to bring back the republic by breaking up latifundia and giving it to the farmers..he was murdered |
| gaius gracchus | did hte same thing as his brother and was killed |
| first triumvirate | Marcua crassus, pompey, and julius caeser |
| Julius caesar | he ook over some territory, crossed the rubicon and became dictator after 6 months he is murdered |
| 2nd triumvirate | Marc antony, octavian, marcus lepidus |
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