Advanced Biology Vocabulary
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Biology | The study of life |
| Scientific Method | A series of steps used to solve scientific problems |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining stable internal conditions in spite of changes in the external environment |
| Cell | The smallest unit capable of all life functions |
| Heredity | Process of passing traits from parents to offspring |
| Metabolism | The sum of all chemical reactions carried out in an organism |
| Reproduction | Process in which organisms make more of their own kind from one generation to the next |
| Evolution | Process in which inherited characteristics change over time |
| Genetics | The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| Genome | The complete set of genetic information for an organism |
| Carbohydrate | An organic compound such as sugar or starch that contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1 |
| Lipid | An organic compound that consists of repeating units called fatty acids |
| Protein | An organic compound made up of long chains of amino acids |
| Amino Acid | Building block of protein |
| Nucleic Acid | An organic compound such as DNA and RNA that are made up of subunits called nucleotides |
| DNA | The material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
| RNA | Plays an important role in protein synthesis |
| Reactant | Substance that participates (and is changed) in a chemical reaction |
| Product | Substance that is formed (or produced) in a chemical reaction |
| Energy | The ability to move or change matter |
| Enzyme | A molecule that increases the speed of a biochemical reactions |
| Cell Membrane | A semi-permeable membrane that surrounds all cells |
| Cytoplasm | The region of the cell inside the cell membrane |
| Nucleus | An internal compartment of a cell that contains the cell's DNA |
| Prokaryote | A single celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles |
| Eukaryote | An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Organelle | A structure that carries out specific functions within a cell |
| Chloroplast | An organelle in plants and algae that is the site of photosynthesis |
| Mitochondria | An organelle that uses energy from organic compounds (glucose) to make ATP |
| Phospholipid | The main building block of the cell membrane |
| Lipid Bilayer | A double layer of phospholipids that is the main component of the cell membrane |
| Diffusion | Movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Osmosis | Movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Photosynthesis | Process that uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and gives off oxygen |
| Cellular Respiration | Process in which cells produce ATP from glucose |
| ATP | The main energy source for cells |
| Chlorophyll | The main light absorbing pigment in plants |
| Gene | A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making protein |
| Mitosis | Type of cell division in which one nuclei divides into two nuclei |
| Meiosis | Type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes (egg and sperm) |
| Trait | A recognizable feature or characteristic of an organism |
| Gene Expression | Process that uses DNA to make protein |
| Transcription | Process that uses DNA to make mRNA |
| Translation | Process that uses mRNA to make protein |
| Mutation | A change in the structure or amount of genetic material in an organism |
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