Haworth World History (22)
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taiho7777 Teacher on August 9, 2011
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 During what approximate years was the Industrial Revolution in Britain? | 1760-1840 |
| Who was most responsible for developing a practical steam engine? | James Watt |
| What is industrialization? | The development of ways to produce goods by machines |
| In terms of power sources, what was the major change of the Industrial Revolution? | From animal and natural power to steam power |
| The production of what type of goods triggered the Industrial Revolution in Britain? | Clothing |
| What was the enclosure movement? | A process in Britain by which small farms were bought up by rich landowners and then rented to tenant farmers. |
| What is the 17th century movement called in which small English farms were bought up by rich landowners and combined into large estates? | The enclosure movement |
| What did Jethro Tull invent? | The seed drill |
| What was the advantage of the seed drill over traditional methods of planting? | Less waste, because seeds were planted more carefully in well-spaced rows. |
| When did Jethro Tull invent the seed drill? | 1721 |
| Who invented the seed drill? | Jethro Tull |
| What was the advantage of crop rotation over the older two- or three-field systems? | It wasn't necessary to leave any land fallow |
| What does "fallow" mean? | Left unused |
| Why does crop rotation work without wearing out the soil? | Because some crops use certain soil nutrients that are restored by other crops. |
| What was the major disadvantage of the enclosure system? | It forced small farmers either 1.) to lose their independence as tenants or 2.) to have to leave the land altogether. |
| Where did many of the small farmers go when the enclosure system forced them off the land? | 1.) To the colonies 2.) To the cities |
| When was Europe's first real population explosion? | 1750-1850 |
| What country is usually said to have started the Industrial Revolution? | Great Britain |
| What were the six inventions that transformed Britain's cotton industry? | 1.) the flying shuttle; 2.) the spinning jenny; 3.) the water-frame; 4.) the spinning mule; 5.) the power loom; 6.) the cotton gin |
| What were the three important stages of the cotton industry? | 1.) cotton growing; 2.) spinning; 3.) weaving |
| Once a new invention is developed, what then triggers more inventions? | Other stages in the process can't keep up and are forced to invent new machines |
| Who invented the cotton gin? | Eli Whitney |
| Steam power was first used in what industry? | Mining |
| What was the advantage of steam power over wind or water power? | Steam engines could work anywhere. |
| What famous machine did Eli Whitney invent? | The cotton gin |
| What was the big breakthrough in land transportation after roads and canals? | Railroads |
| In what country were the first railroads built? | Great Britain |
| How did railroads help the Industrial Revolution? | They made it easier 1.) to bring raw materials to the factories; and 2.) to take finished goods to the public |
| Who first smuggled the new secrets of the Industrial Revolution to the US from Britain? | Samuel Slater |
| What was the Industrial Revolution's big change in the organization of production? | From small home-based production to large factories |
| What held back the industrialization of Europe until about 1815? | The French Revolution and Napoleonic wars |
| Who was the most powerful nation in Europe in the 19th century? | Great Britain |
| Besides London, what was the most famous of England's new industrial cities? | Manchester |
| What was the city of Liverpool's main function in the Industrial Revolution? | Liverpool |
| What social class benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution? | The middle class |
| What new social class developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution? | Factory workers |
| In what kind of industry was child labor the most exploited? | mining |
| What does the term "laissez-faire" mean? | That government would keep its hands off business and industry |
| What was the Peterloo Massacre? | British troops attacked British citizens attending a peaceful pro-democracy rally, killing 15 and injuring 100s |
| Did the Industrial Revolution increase or decrease tensions between social classes? | Increased |
| What were the three main developments of the Transportation Revolution that took place in England in the early 19th century? | Canals, better roads, and railroads |
| What was the significance of the Factory Act of 1825? | It introduced the first child labor laws. |
| What introduced the first child labor laws? | The Factory Act of 1825 |
| What was the first of the six major cotton-production inventions? | The flying shuttle |
| What was the last of the six major cotton-production inventions? | The cotton gin |
| When was the flying shuttle invented? | 1733 |
| When was the cotton gin invented? | 1793 |
| Who was most responsible for developing the modern crop rotation system? | Charles Townshend |
| What did Edward Jenner discover in 1796? | The smallpox vaccine |
| Who discovered the smallpox vaccine? | Edward Jenner |
| Where was the Peterloo Massacre? | St. Peter's Fields, Manchester, England |
| When was the Peterloo Massacre? | 1819 |
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