Apologia Biology 2nd ed - Chapter 13
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Created by:
thekendallchronicles on August 9, 2011
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Vertebrae | segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone |
| Notochord | a rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature's body, providing the majority of its support |
| Endoskeleton | a skeleton on the inside of a creature's body, typically composed of bone or cartilage |
| Bone Marrow | Soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells |
| Axial Skeleton | the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk |
| Appendicular Skeleton | the portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it |
| Closed Circulatory System | a circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels |
| Arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| Capillaries | Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body |
| Veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| Olfactory Lobes | the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose |
| Cerebrum | the lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature's response to that information |
| Optic Lobes | the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes |
| Cerebellum | The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement. |
| Medulla Oblongata | the lobes that coordinate vital funtions, such as those of the circulatroy and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord. |
| Internal Fertilization | the process by which the male places the sperm inside the females's body, where the eggs are fertilized |
| External Fertilization | the process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female |
| Oviparous Development | Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female's body. |
| Ovoviviparous Development | Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female's body. |
| Viviparous Development | Development that occurs inside the female allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta. |
| Anadromous | A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce. |
| Bile | a mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat |
| Atrium | A heart chamber that receives blood. |
| Ventricle | a heart chamber from which blood is pumped out |
| Ectothermic | lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat |
| Hibernation | A state of extremely low metabolism and respriation, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures. |
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