Urinary system
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79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Normal volume of urine excreted in a 24 hour period | 1.0-1.8 liters |
| What is responsible for the normal yellow color of urine | Urochrome |
| How does a urinary tract infection influence urine pH | Alkaline |
| How does starvation influence urine pH | Acid |
| Presence of erythrocytes in urine | Hematuria |
| Presence of hemoglobin in the urine | Hemogloinuria |
| Presence of glucose in the urine | Glycosuria |
| Presence of albumin in the urine | Albuminuria |
| Presence of key tone bodies in urine | Ketonuria |
| Presence of pus in urine | Pyuria |
| The three major nitrogenous wastes in the urine | Urea, uric acid, and creatinine |
| Finding abnormal constituents in the urine that may indicate pathology | Urinalysis |
| Which has a greater specific gravity, 1mL of urine or 1mL of distilled water | Urine, it contained dissolved solutes which add density |
| Three constituents that may be present in a urinary tract infection | White blood cells, red blood cells, and casts |
| What are renal calculi and what conditions favor their formation | Kidney stones. Urinary retention, urinary tract infection and alkaline urine |
| Substances that form crystals precipitate from a solution | Unorganized sediments |
| Cellular elements (WBC and RBC) | Organized sediments |
| Site of filtration formation | Glomerulus |
| Primary site of tubular reabsorption | Proximal convoluted tubule |
| Structure that conveys the processed filtrate to the renal pelvis | Collecting duct |
| Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells | Pertibular capillaries |
| It's inner visceral membrane forms part of the filtration membrane | Globular capsule |
| the mechanisim that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the | loop on henle |
| urine passes through the | pelvis of the kidney to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra |
| not associated with the renal corpuscle | vasa recta |
| an increase in the permeablility of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to an | increase in the production of ADH |
| The urinary bladder is composed of | transitional epithelium |
| the kidneys are stimulated to produced renin | by a decrease in blood pressure |
| helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition, volume and pressure of blood. Regulates blood glucose levels and produces hormones, and maintains blood osmolarity | functions of the urinary system |
| gland that sits atop the kidney | adrenal |
| the artery that lies on the boundry between the cortex and medulla of the kidney | arcuate |
| the glomerulus differs from the other capillaries in the body in that it | is drained by efferent arteriole |
| the decending limb of the loop of Henle | contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla |
| The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the | gastrointestinal tract |
| the fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it | stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position |
| the renal corpuscle is made up of | Bowman's capsule and glomerulus |
| the functional and structural unit of the kidney is the | nephron |
| the juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for | regulating the rate of filtrate formation and controlling systemic blood pressure |
| the cheif force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is | glomerular hydrostatic pressure |
| which of the following statements describes the histology of the ureters | trilayered, mucosa, muscularis and adventitia |
| which of the following acts as a trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding) | the stretching of the bladder wall. |
| The filtration membrane includes | glomerular endothelium, podocytes and a basement membrane |
| the mechanisim of water reabsorption by the renal tubles is | osmosis |
| most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is | hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments |
| the macula densa cells respond to | changes in solute content of the filtrate |
| not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule | creatinine |
| the fuid in clomerular (Boman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a ignificant amount of | plasma protein |
| alcohol acts as a diuretic because | it inhibits the release of ADH |
| the function of angiotensin II is to | constrict arteriols and increase blood pressure |
| a disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is | diabetes insipidus |
| an important characteristic of urine is it's specific gravity or density which is | 1.001-1.035 |
| sequence from drop of urine to its elimination from the body | nephron, collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter, urethra |
| the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is | simple wquamous epithelium |
| what would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal | net filtration would decrease |
| not a part of the juxtaglomerular appartatus | podocyte cells |
| tubular reabsorption | by active mechanisims usually involves movement against an electrical and or chemical gradient |
| reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by | secondary active transport |
| one of the function of the loop of Henle | form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine |
| fetal kidneys do not have to work very hard because | the placenta allows the mother's urinary system to clear the waste from the fetal blood. |
| kidney function in older adults | decreases due to kidney atrophy |
| factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the | glomerular hydrostatic pressure |
| if the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120mg/100ml and the concentration of the acid in the blood is 230mg/100ml, the amino acid will | appear in the urine |
| if one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does that mean? | normally all of the glucose is reabsorbed |
| excretion of dilute urine requires | impermeability of the collecting tuble to water |
| methods by which renal tubules can raise blood pH | secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate, reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate ions and by producing new bicarbonate ions |
| in the ascending limb of the loop on Henle, the | thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption |
| kidneys develop from | urogenital ridges |
| reabsorption of water is | hormonally controlled |
| function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus | help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys |
| salt level monitoring part of the nephron | macula densa |
| hormone responsible for facultative water reabsorption | ADH |
| most important hormone regulator of electrollyte reabsorption and secretion | angiotensin II and aldosterone |
| which cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that resond to changes in solute content of the filtrate | macula densa cells |
| the capillary bed that surrounds the descending and ascending loop of Henle of juxtamedulllary nephrons is called the | vasta recta |
| urine crystals in the renal pelvis are called | renal calculi |
| the area between the ureters and urethra is called the | trigone in a bladder |
| the myogenic mechanism is | the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched. |
| the presence of pus in the urine is called | pyuria |
| sodium linked water flow across a membrane is called | obligatory water reabsorption |
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