Fundamentals of Phonetics: Chapter 8
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Created by:
athenacaitlyn on August 10, 2011
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Flashcards for the vocabulary in Chapter 8: Dialectal Variation
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 idiolect | a speech pattern unique to an individual, based on dialect and personal speaking habit |
| Standard American English (SAE) | a form of English that is relatively devoid of regional characteristics; the English used in textbooks and by national broadcasters |
| formal standard English | the English of dictionaries, grammar books, and most printed manner; the idealized form of English used in teaching English |
| informal standard English | based on listener judgements of patterns of spoken English deemed to be acceptable or not |
| vernacular dialect | the variety of language spoken by a non-standard speaker of a language |
| accent modification | therapy for a non-native speaker of English, designed to increase speech intelligibility, without jeopardizing the integrity of the individual's first dialect |
| Telsur Project | a telephone survey conducted by the University if Pennsylvania to study variation in vowel production across the United States |
| chain shift | a dialectal modification in the pronunciation of English vowels, reflecting an alteration in their place of production; the change in the articulatory target for one vowel has a relative effect on the targets for one |
| vowel merger | a dialectal modification in which vowels with separate articulations fuse into one similar place of articulation |
| Northern Cities Shift | an ongoing change in the production of vowels, causing a shift from their standard place of articulation in the vowel quadrilateral; seen in the northern tier of the United States in cities such as Cleveland, Detroit, and Buffalo |
| Southern Shift | an ongoing change in the production of vowels, causing a shift from their standard place of articulation in the vowel quadrilateral; this shift is seen in the southern, middle Atlantic, and southern mountain states |
| Back Upglide Shift | a chain shift associated with the South |
| Low Back Merger | a dialectal variation reflecting a change in the articulatory targets so that no differentiation occurs in their production; characteristic of certain Western, Midwestern, and New England speakers |
| General American English | sometimes used synonymously with Standard American English to denote a form of English devoid of any regional pronunciation; may be used when comparing regional or ethnic dialects to a national "standard" |
| Southern American English | a regional dialect spoken in the Southern and South Midland states |
| diphthong simplification/monophthongization | the process of producing a diphthong as a monophthong |
| derhotacization | the loss of r-coloring of the central vowels and postvocalic /r/ |
| Eastern American English | a regional dialect of English spoken in the New England states and in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania |
| sociolect | a dialect associated with a particular social class |
| ethnolect | a dialect associated with a particular ethnic group |
| African American English (AAE) | a dialect of English, spoken throughout the United States, traced back to the dialects of English spoken in Britain and brought to America by British settlers; also referred to as Black English, Black English Vernacular, African American Vernacular English, and Ebonics |
| pidgin | a language that results when individuals speaking two different languages begin to communicate; typically characterized as having a reduced vocabulary and grammar |
| creole | a pidgin language that is passed on to a new generation of users |
| language transfer | the incorporation of native language features into the target language as the second language is being learned |
| English Language Learner (ELL) | an individual who is attempting to master English as a second language |
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