COMD 2500 Exam 3 (Chap 9)
About this set
Created by:
meltanirie on August 12, 2011
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
65 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is Autsism? | Autism is a severe developmental disability with symptoms that emerge before a child's 3rd birthday. |
| What three conditions need to be in order to Diagnose autism? | 1) Impaired social interactions with other people. 2) Moderate to severe impairment of communication skills. 3) Restrictive, repetitive, and stereotypical behaviors and interests |
| What is Echolalia? | Echolalia refers to stereotypical repetitions of specific words or phrases. *Such as when a 4-year old repeatedly says, 'Ticket, please. Thank you." |
| What is Childhood Disintegrative Disorder? | Childhood Disintegrative Disorder describes children younger than 10 years who appear to be developing normally until at least their 2nd birthday but then display a significant loss or regression of skills in 2 or more of the following areas: * Language * Social skills * Bowel and bladder control * Play, or motor skills |
| What are children with Asperger's syndrome often referred to? | Higher-Functioning" children with autism. |
| What do Children and adolescents with Asperger's syndrome often have substantial problems wit? | * Social Interaction * Show restricted and idiosyncratic behavioral patterns & interests |
| What is Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (POD-NOS)? | This describes severe problems with social interactions & communication, repetitive behaviors & overly restricted interests but does not otherwise meet the specific diagnostic criteria for autism, childhood disintegrative disorder, or Asperger's syndrome. |
| What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? | An umbrella term which is a neurobiological disorder that result from an organic brain abnormality |
| What are the four conditions of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? | 1) Autism, 2) Childhood Disintegrative Disorder 3) Asperger's Syndrome 4) Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (POD-NOS). |
| There is a higher risk among boys and among children with affected family members for ASD | True |
| What are ASDs believed to result from? | An organic brain abnormality |
| Seizure disorder is seen in 25% of children with autism | True (suggests a commonality in the brain structures affected by ASD) 7 seizures. |
| Parental age is NOT associated with a risk for autism ASD. | FALSE (children born to two older parents how an elevated risk for autism) |
| What was another name for Intellectual Disability (ID) | Mental Retardation |
| What is Intellectual Disability (ID)? | (ID) is a "condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, which is especially characterized by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period. |
| ID is diagnosed in children younger than age 18 years who meet which TWO criteria? | 1) Significant limitations in intellectual functioning 2) Significant limitations in adaptive behavior |
| Children with ID exhibit limitations in intelligence such as: | 1) Difficulty reasoning 2) Planning 3) Solving problems 4) Thinking in abstract terms 5) Comprehending abstract & complex concepts 6) Learning skills. |
| ID ranges from mild to profound | TRUE (mild cases are more common), |
| Generally, children with ID show delays in early communicative behaviors (e.g., pointing to request, commenting vocally) & are slow to use their first words and to produce multiword combinations. | TRUE (language skills of a person with ID usually parallel the degree of intellectual impairment) |
| Name the Categories and prevalence of ID? | 1) Mild 2) Moderate 3) Severe 4) Profound |
| Decribe Mild ID | Has mild learning difficulties but can work, maintain good social relationships. They have only minor difficulties with Abstract Concepts, Figurative Language, Complex Syntax & Conversational Communication. |
| Decribe Moderate ID | Has obvious developmental delays in childhood but can develop some degree of independence in self-care & acquire adequate communication & academic skills |
| Decribe Severe ID | Exhibits early and ongoing significant developmental delays; acquires few or no speech or language skills in preschool years but may later develop minimal communication skills. |
| Describe Profound ID | Exhibits significant limitations in all aspects of daily living (e.g., self-care, continence); communication is severely affected. (the individual may produce no words and understand little) |
| About 30% of ID is associated with prenatal damage to the developing fetus due to chromosomal abnormalities or maternal ingestion of toxins. | TRUE |
| What are some cause & risk factors of ASD? | 1) Prenatal & Perinatal Complications: (Maternal Reubella & Anoxia---Lack of oxgen to the brain) 2) Developmental or Physical Disabilities: Encephalitis (inflammtion of the brain) |
| Most children with ID exhibit at least 1 Mild Impairment of language. | True |
| The cause of 30-40% of ID CANNOT be identified | True |
| What percentage of ID does Environemental Influences & other mental conditions such as sensory deprivation and the presennce of autism.account for | 15-20% |
| What percentage of ID does Pregnancy & Prenatal Problems, such as Fetal Malnutrition, Prematurity, Anoxia & Viral Infection account for | 10% |
| What percentage of ID does Medical Conditions such as Trauma, Infection, Poisoning etc. account for | 5% |
| What is Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)? | Damage or insult to an individual's brain tissue sometime after birth |
| Young children, adolescent males, and older persons have the highest risk, males are affected twice as often as females | TRUE |
| Severe injury is accompanied by a coma lasting for... | 6 hr or more |
| Severe TBI can result from.... | 1) Infection 2) Disease 3) Physical Trauma |
| Common causes of TBI in children result from... | 1) Abuse (e.g., Shaken Baby Syndrome) 2) Intentional Harm (e.g., being hit on the head) 3) Accidental Poisoning through ingestion of toxic substances (e.g., prescription medications, pesticides), 4) Car accidents 5) Falls. |
| What is the most common form of TBI? | Closed-Head Injury (CHI) |
| What is Closed-Head Injury | CHI is a head injury, in which brain matter is not exposed or penetrated. (e.g. car accidents & shaken baby syndrome) |
| Describe an Open-Headed Injury? | The brain matter is exposed through penetration, as would occur with a gunshot wound |
| What often accompanies both CHI & OHI? | Whether diffuse or focal- these injuries are often accompanied by secondary brain injuries that result from the primary trauma. |
| What part of the barin usually affected by TBI? | Injury to the brain typically damages the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, which house the centers for many of the executive (e.g., reasoning, planning, hypothesizing) and language functions |
| What are language disorders resulting from brain injury influenced by? | 1) Severity of the injury 2) Site of damage 3) Characteristics of the child before the injury occurred |
| What aspect of language is most commonly impaired by TBI? | Use or Pragmatics |
| What are the percentages statistics of the most common causes of TBI? | 1) Falls = 28% 2) Car Accidents = 20% 3) Sports = 19% 4) Assaults = 11% |
| Risk Factors of TBI include | 1) Participation in contact sports or activities which may cause collisions or falls 2) Using drugs or alcohol during these |
| What is Hearing Loss? | Hearing Loss is a physical condition in which an individual cannot detect or distinguish the full range of sounds normally available to the human ear. |
| What can result in Hearling Loss? | 1) Prenatal Damage 2) Perinatal Damage 3) Postnatal Damage *To any of the structures that carry auditory information from the external world to the brain centers that process auditory information |
| What is Conductive Loss? | Hearing loss resulting from damage to the outer or middle ear |
| What is Sensorineural loss? | Hearing loss resulting from damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve |
| Conductive and Sensorineural loss may occur bilaterally | TRUE Bilaterally - (both ears are affected) or Unilaterally (one ear is affected and the other is intact). |
| What is Auditory-Processing Disorder (APD). | Hearing loss that results from damage to the centers of the brain that process auditory information |
| What is Congenital Hearing Loss | Hearing loss present at birth |
| What percentage of cases for Congenital Hearing Loss occur for unknown reasons | 50% |
| What are the more popular causes for Congenital Hearing Loss | 1) Genetic Transmission (Le., one or both of the child's parents carry a gene for hearing loss) 2) In utero infections (e.g., herpes, rubella) 3) Prematurity 4) Pregnancy Complications 5) Trauma during the birth process |
| What is Acquired Hearing Loss | Hearing loss that occurs after birth. |
| What are the prominent causes of Acquired Hearing Loss? | 1) Noise Exposure, 2) Infection 3) Use of ototoxic medications 4) Chronic middle-ear infections |
| What is Prelingual Hearing Loss? | Hearing loss acquired after birth but before the child has developed language |
| What is Postlingual Hearing Loss? | Hearing loss acquired sometime after the child has developed language |
| How does the severity for Postlingual Hearing Loss run? | Mild to Profound |
| How do you Identify severity of loss? | By using the decibel scale (dB), |
| What is the decibel scale (dB)? | It is the standard unit of sound intensity, or loudness |
| What is the Range of human hearing? | 0dB to 140dB (0dB is the threshold of sound) |
| What does the dB scale do? | Identify the threshold at which an individual with hearing loss is able to hear sound |
| What are the thresholds at which an individual with hearing loss is able to hear sound? | 1. 16 to 25dB: minimal loss 2. 26 to 40dB: mild loss 3. 41 to55dB: moderate loss 4. 56 to 70dB: moderately severe loss 5. 71 to 90 dB: severe loss 6. 91dB or higher: profound loss |
| What are the factors which decide what extent hearing loss impacts a child's development of language? | 1. Timing of the loss 2. Severity of the loss 3. Age of identification* 4. Exposure to language input* *strongly related to whether the child with hearing loss proceeds along a path of typical or atypical language acquisition |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.