| Term | Definition |
|---|
| why has salmonellosis incidence failed to decline? | changes in feeding and handling of animals co-mingling of animals before slaughter quick cooking methods/lower levels of preservatives altered eating patterns decreased awareness of proper food-handling techniques in population lowered natural resistance better reporting procedures |
| current two species of salmonella | S.enterica, S.bongori |
| gram stain? | negative |
| o antigin | somatic. inhibits phagocyte killing. |
| H antigen | flagellar, inhibits phagocyte killing. |
| k antigen | capsular or Vi. inhibits complement binding |
| those that infect humans only | tyhoid, paratyphoid fever (s.typhi, s. paratyphi A or C). high fever. |
| incubation | 7-28 d |
| host-adapted serovars | some human pathogens, contracted from food |
| unadapted serovards | no host preference, pathogenic for humans and other animals. most foodborne serovars in this gropu. |
| 3 most common serotypes in usa | s. typhimurium, s. enteriditis, s. newport. |
| source | human or animal, direct or indirect, carriers important. insect and rodents have role in transmission. eggs, meat (esp. poultry) most common vehicles. processed foods, veg. |
| symptoms: | abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, chills, fever, prostration . Septicemia. Chromic debilitating sequelae (Aspectic reactive arthritis, reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis) |
| onset | 12-14 h |
| duration | 2-3 d, self limiting, 5% become carrier (several months) |
| mortality rate | 4.1 % |
| enterotoxin | activates adenylate cyclase; contributes to diarrheal part of syndrome; role in intracellular invasion seems minimal |
| cytotoxin | role in intracellular invasion seems minimal |
| fimbrial adhesins | SPI-1 encoded. Attachemnt to intestinal muscosa |
| type III secretion system | contribute to invasion of M cells (Peyer's patches |
| mode of action | grow within macrophages, multiply intracellularly within membrane-bound vacuoles host cell ultimately lyses, allowing bacteria to spread |
| incidence | common source outbreaks. estimated over 1 million cases per year. |
| prevention/ control | avoid contamination (animal fecal matter,in-house salmoella survellance, keep rodents and insects away, minimize cross-contmaination.). Destruction of microorganisms (cooking/pasteruization, proper re-heating). Prevent growth in foods (fridge, don't leave at room temp) |
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