PAX Basic Chemistry: Atomic Structure, Isotopes, Ions, and the Periodic Table
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Created by:
phoenix180 on August 13, 2011
Description:
terms to be defined; atomic structure, isotopes, ions, and the periodic table
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25 terms
English | Chemistry |
|---|---|
 chemistry | study of matter |
| matter | a substance that has mass and occupies space; made up of atoms |
| substance | any material all samples of which have the same composition and properties (a mixture is not a substance) |
| atom | smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element; contains three types of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| protons | carry a positive charge and are found in the nucleus of the atom; equal to the number of electrons |
| neutrons | are neutral and are also found in the nucleus |
| electrons | carry a negative charge and are found outside the nucleus and arranged according to their energy level |
| element | identified by its symbol and its atomic number; ex: ₃Li- 3 is the atomic number and Li is the symbol for lithium |
| atomic number | is equal to the number of protons found in the nucleus of each of its atoms |
| mass number | is equal to: protons + neutrons |
| number of neutrons | is equal to: mass number - atomic number |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element(with the same number of protons) that contain a different number of neutrons |
| atomic mass | a weighted average of the mass numbers of all naturally isotopes of the element |
| radio-isotopes | radioactive isotopes |
| ions | charged ions; comes about when an atom gain or lose an electron; becomes charged when the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons |
| cation | ion with a positive charge |
| anion | ion with a negative charge |
| valence electrons | electrons found in the outermost energy level; elements with small atomic numbers may have a maximum of two valence electrons; all other elements may have a maximum of eight valence electrons |
| periodic table | contains all the known elements, arranged in horizontal rows called periods, in order of increasing atomic number |
| groups | also known as columns; on the table contain elements with similar properties because of their similar electron configurations |
| metals | on the left-hand side of the periodic table |
| metalloids | in between metals and non-metals in the periodic table |
| nonmetals | on the right-hand side of the periodic table |
| noble gases | last group on the right-hand side; have full valence shells and are inert |
| neutral atom | the number of electrons must equal the number of protons |
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