8-9 Mitosis/Meiosis and Cell Cycle Stanley R
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wblassiter Plus on August 14, 2011
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 In the cell cycle _____ involves metabolism | G1 |
| In the cell cycle ____ involves DNA synthesis | S |
| In the cell cycle ____ involves proteins made for division. | G2 |
| In the cell cycle _____ involves cell division. | M |
| In the cell cycle _____ is a gap cycle. It is outside of the cycle. | G0 |
| A chromosome replicates itself during _____ phase | S |
| _____ phase involves the greatest variation in length of time. | G1 |
| _______ are the protective segments of DNA. There are 4 of them per chromosome after synthesis. The shortening of these is thought to play a role in aging. | telomeres |
| ______ is an inhibitory drug that stops the cell cycle by blocking metaphase. | colchicine |
| _______ is an inhibitory drug that stops the cell cycle by stopping spindle formation. | vincristine-vinblastine |
| ________ is an inhibitory drug that stops the cell cycle by stopping spindle disassembly. | paclitaxel |
| _________ is a drug that inhibits DNA synthesis. | methotrexate; also 5FU |
| _________ are drugs that stop the cell cycle at the G2 checkpoint prior to division. | Bleomycin/etoposide |
| In terms of cell societies, ______ are continuous replicators that are responsible for replacing skin cells. | Vegetative InterMitotic |
| In terms of cell societies, _______ are continuous replicators that will not form a stem cell again. | Differentiating InterMitotic |
| In terms of cell societies, _______ are occasional replicators that might function as fibroblasts. | Reverting PostMitotic |
| In terms of cell societies ______ are non-replicators and do not reproduce. | Fixed PostMitotic |
| Skin epidermis basal cells and GI mucosa are examples of _____. | VIMs |
| Cells in the spinous layer of skin epidermis are ______. | DIMs |
| Cells in the Liver, Fibroblasts, Smooth muscle, and astrocytes are ______ | RPMs |
| Cells in the cardia and skeletal muscle and also in the neurons are ________. | FPMs |
| Cell division is started by activation of ______ by ______. | Cdk1; CycB (G2-->M) (inactivation of Cdk1 stops cell division) |
| At activation of the cell cycle, the above complex works in three important places. It phosphorylates _______ to cause chromosome condensation, it phosophorylates _______ to cause breakdown of the nuclear envelope, and it phosphorylates ________ and _______ to promote spindle formation. | condensins; lamins; centrosomes; microtubule associated proteins (MAPS) |
| The molecule that binds chromosome together in G2 is _______. | cohesin |
| ________ of those molecules named above during the intiation of synthesis likewise leads to the termination of synthesis. | dephosphorylation |
| Of the two types of cell division, mitosis is considered an _______ division. | equational |
| Meiosis I is a ________ division. | reductional |
| At the start of prophase in mitosis, there are _____ chromatids per chromosome and the ploidy number is ______. | 4C, 2n |
| Centrosome and the spindle apparatus appear during ______. The nuclear envelope dissolves | prophase |
| After cytokinesis of mitosis, the two daughter cells each have _____ chromatids per chromosome and the ploidy number is _____. | 2C, 2n |
| At the end of Meiosis I, the two daughter cells each have _____ chromatids per chromosome and the ploidy number is _____. | 2C, 1n |
| The reductional division of Meiosis I occurs in _______. | Anaphase I |
| The primary oocyte is arrested in the ________ of prophase I until fertilization. | Diplotene |
| Meiosis II involves ______ division. The four daughter cells each have ____ chromatids per chromosome and their ploidy number is _____. | equational division; 1C, 1n |
| _______ is the only division that involves synapsis of homologues. | Meiosis |
| Cytokinesis is triggered by inactivation of Cdk1 and involves the proteins ________ & _______. | actin & myosin |
| Primary spermatocytes exist in the ________ of Prophase I. | pachytene (4C,2N) |
| Seondary spermatocytes have not undergone division in ______. | Meiosis II (spermatids and spermatozoa have undergone division in Meiosis II) |
| 1n = ____ chromosomes. | 23 |
| Abnormalities occuring during _____ will affect every cell of the body. | meiosis |
| ________ is the result of no cytokinesis after mitosis and produces megarakaryocytes as well as many tumor types. | endoreduplication |
| Abnormalities of cell division such as nondisjunction, anaphase lagging, deletion, and translocation lead to ______ if they occur during meiosis, but to ______ if during mitosis. | aneuploidy; mixoploidy or chromosome mosaicism |
| Klinefelter's syndrome, Down's syndrome, and Turner's syndrome are all results of _______ durin meiosis. | nondisjunction |
| Anaphase lagging during meiosis leads to _______. | Turner's syndrome |
| Cry du Chat is a result of deletion of ______ during meiosis. | chromosome 5 |
| Aniridia is a result of deletion of ______ during mitosis. | chromosome 11 |
| Translocation of chromosome 21 to 14 during meiosis results in _____. | Down's syndrome |
| Translocation of chromosome 22 to 9 during mitosis leads to _______. | Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia |
| An individual with Turner's syndrome has a _______ zygote. | monosomic |
| An individual with down's syndrome has a _______ zygote. | trisomic |
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