| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Anticline | downward fold |
| Syncline | upward fold |
| Normal fault movement | 1 section moves down (pull) Ex. Death Valley |
| Reverse fault movement | 1 section moves up (push) Ex. Teton range (Wyoming) |
| Strike slip fault movement | horizontal movement Ex. San Andres |
| Seismograph | instrument used to detect seismic waves (energy waves) |
| Focus | point where Earthquakes originates, waves travel outward from here |
| Epicenter | place on surface directly above the focus |
| Liquefaction | when loose soil settles and buildings collapse |
| Type of soil which promotes liquefaction | loose soil |
| P waves | compression waves (like sound waves), travel through solids and liquids |
| S waves | sheer waves that vibrate at right angles to the direction wave is traveling, travels through solids only |
| L waves | long waves travel along the surface, slowly (Raleigh and Lava Waves) |
| P-S interval | different in arrival time of P and S waves |
| Number of seismograph stations needed to find epicenter | 3 |
| (1) seismograph stations tells us | distance |
| Loma Prieta | disrupted the World Series 89' |
| Kobe | Japanese Earthquake |
| Northridge | Blind thrust vault |
| Earthquake depth | deepest at subduction boundaries |
| Shadow zone | found between 103 and 143 degrees |
| Cause of earthquakes | sudden release of energy from fault zone |
| Mohorovicic discontinuity | "Moho", interface between lithosphere and atmosphere |
| Thrust fault | low angle reverse fault |
| San Andreas fault | strike-slip on transform |
| How does rock density affect speed of waves | higher the density the faster the waves |
| How does wave speed support that the outer core is liquid | in the outer core there are no S waves |
| Thickest layer | mantle |
| Thinnest layer | crust |
| Tsunami | harbor wave in Japanese, ocean floor |
| Hilo | May 23, 1960 |
| Krakatau 1883 | August 23, 1883 Volcano, Earthquake, then Tsunami |
| Cordillera | mountain belts |
| Orogeny | mountain building |
| Horst | blocks of crust thrust up between two normal faults |
| Graben | during normal fault (tension), large blocks of crust fall |
| Tension | normal |
| Passive vs. active margins | Passive- no plate boundary- East cost USA, Appalachian mts. & Actice-plate boundary-West coast, Cascade range, Andres Mt. |
| Northern Az | Colorando plateau |
| Southern AZ | Basin and range |
| Alps | folded |
| Appalachian | folded |
| Himalayas | folded |
| Rockies | faulted |
| Tetons | Jackson Hole, Wyoming- fault blocks, Sierre Nevada Mts. |
| Sierras | faulted |
| Cascades (found where?) | WA, OR, CA |
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