Fluid & Electrolytes
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Created by:
myzoey2010 on August 17, 2011
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Description:
Intra & Extracellular fluid Ions.
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79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Intracellular Fluid | With in the cell. Most body fluid |
| Extracellular fluid | Outside the cell |
| Extracellular Compartments | Intravascular fluid and Interstital fluid |
| Intravascular | Inside vessels. IE:Plasma |
| Interstitial Fluid | Surrounding the cells. IE:Lymph |
| Water measurement | 1l = 2.2lbs = 1kg |
| Sodium | Most abundant electroyle in Extracellular Fluid |
| NA+ ranges | 135-145 |
| Sodium Primary Function | Regulate fluid |
| Hypernatremia | Always due to dehydration. Levels >145 |
| Hypernatermia Causes | Hyperventilation. Heat Stroke. Vomiting. Diarrhea. |
| Hypernatremia Signs | Dry mouth. Thristy. Swollen Tongue Concentrated Urine |
| Hypernatrmia Therapy | Reduce fluid intake. Dilute with IV fluids (SLOWLY) |
| Sodium Problems= | Fluid Problems |
| Hyponatermia | Most common. To much water. Sodium Level <135 |
| Hyponatermia cause | Vomiting Psychogenic Polydipisia D5W |
| Hyponatermia Signs | Increase urine output Low urine concentration ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION |
| Hyponatermia Treatment | Diuretics (furosemide aka lasix) Hypertonic Solution (3-5% NS) Check Mental Status |
| Potassium | Most abundant intacellular cation |
| K+ Ranges | 3.5-5.0 |
| Potassium Primary function | Maintain fluid volume with in cell |
| Potassium Fact | Insulin pulls it from the blood into the cell Has role in metabloism |
| Potassium Sources | Apricots, Oranges, Figs, Carrots, Potatoes, Tomatoes, Dairy Meat |
| Hyperkaliemia | Potassium> 5.0 |
| Hyperkalemia causes | Renal Problems |
| Hyperkalemia Signs | MUSCLE weakness ARRYTHMIAS PEAKED T-WAVES!!! |
| Hyperkalemia Treatment | Calcium Gluconate (decreases arrythimias) Insulin and Glucose Kaexalate (pulls to gi tract) LASIX (push slow, don't exceed 4mg) |
| Hypokalemia | Potassium<3.5 |
| Hypokalemia Causes | Vomiting Diarrhea Starvation NG Suction |
| Hypokalemia Signs | Muscle weakness Cramps Arrythimias |
| Hypokalemia Treatment | Potassium pill (assess swallowing) Potassium liquid (full glass of water) |
| Chloride | Binds with Sodium and Potassium |
| Cl- ranges | 95-105 |
| Calcium | Promotes nerve impulse |
| Ca+ ranges | 8.5- 10 |
| Calcium Fact | Most abundant in body. PTH releases from bone when levels are low |
| Hypercalcemia | Calcium> 10 |
| Hypercalcemia causes | Hyperparathyroidism Thiazides (diuretic) Immobility |
| Hypercalcemia signs | Personality Changes Depressed reflex KIDNEY STONES |
| Hypercalcemia Treatement | Calcium gluconate and Trach Fluids Fleet Steroid |
| Hypocalcemia | Calcium<8.5 |
| Hypocalcemia Causes | Radial neck Thyroidectomy (not enough PTH) |
| Hypocalcemia treatment | Vitamin D Antacids Iv Calcium |
| Magnesium | Inracellular Cation. Has ATP= No ATP equals dead cell |
| Mg2+ ranges | 1.2 - 2.5 |
| Magensium essential for | Heart Nerve Muscle |
| Magnesium fact | Can cause sedation |
| Magnesium sources | Nuts, Choc, banana, GREEN VEGETABLES |
| Hypermagnesium | Magnesium> 2.5 |
| Hypermagnesium causes | Antacids Renal Failure |
| Hypermagnesium Signs | Drowsiness Flushing LOC |
| Hypermagensium treatement | Dialysis Ventiliator Calcim Gluconate |
| Hypomagnesium | Magnesium<1.2 |
| Hypomagnesium Causes | Diarrhea Alcoholism (not eating) Decreased GI Absorption |
| Hypomagnesium Signs | Increased reflexes Loc Laryngospasms Chvostek's & Trosseu's Swallowing Problems |
| Hypomagensium Treatment | Give Mg Iv sulfate and check Kidneys before and during admin. |
| Phosphorus (phosphate) | Most prevalent Intracellular fluid Anion |
| PO4- ranges | 2.4 - 4.4 |
| Phosphorus Fact | Inverse with calcium. |
| Phosphorus Essential for | Muscle function RBC Nervous System |
| Phosphorus Sources | Meats, Dairy, Legumes, Fish, Carbonated Beverages |
| Hyperphosphatemia | Phosphorus> 4.4 |
| Hyperphosphatemia Causes | Renal Failure Large Vitamin D intake Hypocalcemia (remember inverse relationship) Tetany (muscle twitching) |
| Hypophosphatemia | Phosphorus< 2.4 |
| Hypophosphatemia Causes | Malabsorption Syndrome Alcohol Withdraw Respiratory Alkalosis |
| Hypophosphatemia Signs | Rhabdomyosis (rapid muscle breakdown) Osteomalcia (rapid bone breakdown) |
| Facilitated Diffusion IE: | Glucose.(carrier protein that transports) |
| Diffusion happens: | Automatically |
| High osmolality | Dehydration. Greater than 1.025 |
| Low osmolality | Overhydrated. Less than 1.010 |
| Hypotonic Can Cause: | Confusion and the brain to swell. |
| BNP usually drawn | For CHF patients to look for fluid overload |
| ANP and BNP causes | Vasodilation which reduces blood volume. Stops the RAS system from happening |
| Serum Creatine is: | Indicator of renal function and metabolic waste product |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen: | Measures renal function |
| Fluid Imbalances | Deficient Fluid Volume Excess Fluid Volume |
| Orthostatic Hypotension = | Hyponatremia |
| Inverse Relationship | Calicum up = Phosphorus down |
| A SIC WALT (hypokalemia) | ALKALOSIS Shallow respirations, Irritability, Confusion Weakness, Arryhythmias, Lethargy, Thready Pulse Intestinal motility |
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