| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Inflation | Rise of Prices, due to increase of demand, a lower supply, and the value of money is lower |
| circumnavigate | to sail around the world |
| revolution | an overthrow of government or usual ways of life |
| privateer | people hired by king on ships to as much as they can. |
| capitalism | the idea of investing money to make a profit |
| compact | a written agreement with laws and regulations that people are expected to follow. |
| ransom | an amount of money you must pay in order to have something returned to you. |
| navigator | A navigator is a person like a leader, who guides you in the right direction. |
| conquistador | A spanish conquerer |
| astrolabe | An instrument that determines the latitude at sea |
| cartographer | Mapmakers who made accurate maps of sea, etc. |
| alliance | countries working together to achieve collective security |
| collective security | countries work together to achieve piece |
| sanction | oppose penalties for poor behaviors |
| atrocities | an extremely wicked act, usually involving violence |
| abstain | refusal to vote |
| veto | to reject a proposal of the united nations |
| humanitarian | someone who improves anther person's standards and qualities of living |
| sovereignty or sovereign | ability to make decision on its own |
| disarmament | reducing, limiting, or banishing weapons or size of military |
| friction | tension between two countries |
| immunity | a resistance to a disease |
| renaissance | a rebirth to get out of the dark ages |
| Renaissance | a time period |
| recant | to take back what you said, your views, and your beliefs. |
| scapegoats | placing blame on others |
| theocracy | A type of government ran by the church |
| indulgences | When you seek forgiveness for the sins committed. |
| heliocentric | sun was center of the solar system and not the earth |
| patron | financial supporter of the arts |
| vernacular | The common language for the everyday people |
| secular | having to worldy, rather than religious matters |
| Utopia | The idealistic society or place |
| Utopian | An idealistic person |
| excommunicate | to be kicked out of the church |
| annul | to cancel as if it never happened before |
| heresy | saying our writing information that goes against the church's teaching |
| heretics | someone who goes against the church's teachings and beliefs |
| city-state | a city that takes on the meaning and responsibility as that of a state. It is made up of the city and its surrounding lands |
| papal supremacy | papal supremacy is when the pope is supreme. |
| Mercantilism | Theory which believed that if you had the most gold and silver you were the wealthiest and most powerful. Also you must export more goods than imported. |
| Joint Stock Company | Trading companies where profit is shared and sold to investors. |
| " The end Justifies the mean."- Machiavelli (The Prince) | Do whatever you can in order to reach your goal. |
| "Justification by Faith."- Martin Luther | This quote means that you could only go to heaven through god. |
| Protestant Reformation | A period of time when people decided to reform the catholic church |
| Atlantic Charter | The atlantic charter was a document formulated by President Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. It stated the goals of the life after WWII. |
| Security Council | An Organ consisting of 15 members, 10 non-permanent and 5 permanent. The 5 permanent members include China, France, Russia, Great Britain, and the USA. Each member has the ability to abstain, appose sanctions, and expel. |
| General Assembly | An Organ where all members of the UN belonged to. The are required to meet once a year and their goal is to make recommendations. |
| Mestizos | They made up the lower class and were the offsprings of the spanish and Natives. |
| Peninsulares | They made up the highest class and consisted of viceroys, conquistadors, priest, and others from spain. |
| Creoles | They made up the middle class and were the offsprings of Peninsulares. The Creoles ran plantations and owned mines. |
| Mulattoes | The Mulattoes were the lowest class and were the offsprings of spanish and africans. |
| Line of Demarcation | A longitude line that the pope drew the new world in order to settle dispute between portugal and spain. They listened to the pope because they were both catholic, and as a result the west was for spain and the east for portugal. |
| Ferdinand Magellan | He looked for another way to sail to asia by sailing around south america. Because of this exploration, the strait of magellan was named for him. |
| Hernand Cortes | He created alliances with the Aztecs, in present day Mexico, by fooling them and then later on took advantage by conquering them |
| Francisco Pizarro | A conquistador who created alliances with the Incans, in present day Peru, and captured the Incans chief to hold him for ransom, but ended up killing him anyway. |
| Henry "The Navigator." | A navigator known for his exploration of the West coast of Africa when trying to find a route to asia. He also set up a school of navigation. |
| Christopher Columbus | Columbus was an Italian navigator hired by the queen and king. He believed the world was round and not flat, so he sailed west to reach india, but funds the new world instead. |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Amerigo was an italian cartographer who realized that Columbus found a new world. He then went back to write about his findings, and in return a German cartographer made a map and labeled it America, only to realize he made a mistake. |
| Woodrow Wilson | President of the united states at the time of the League of nations was created. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | President of the United States at the time of the United Nations and was included in the Big 3 |
| Winston Churchhill | Prime Minister of Great Britain, Included in the Big 3, and he also wrote the Atlanta charter. |
| Ban Ki-Moon | Current security general of the United Nations |
| Rene Descartes | A scientist who emphasized human reasoning as the best way to understand things. The quote, "I think therefore I am, " is related to him. |
| Michelangelo Duonarotti | A painter during the renaissance who painted the sistine chapel which took 4 years, the pieta, and the david. He was famous mainly for painting and sculpting. |
| Leonardo da Vinci | He was nicknamed "Renaissance man" and was known for his areas in painting, sculpting, science, engineering, and the human body. He did the mona lisa, the last supper, and designed the tank. |
| Rafael Sanzio | He was born and died on July 6th and was known for the Sistine Madonna and the Goldfinch. His ares in art included church paintings, portraits, and pictures of saints. |
| Donatello | Donatello lived alot earlier than Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael. He is well known for sculpting and was the first to do the life size sculpting of man on horse. |
| Baldassare Castiglione | Balsassare was an artist during the renaissance who was sent to the court of Lodovico in Milan. He wrote the book of courtier (manners of those associated in court) and the Book of Etiquette (Royal Court and ideal man). |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | A renaissance writer who wrote about politics and patriotism. The prince is a book written by him which talks about how to gain power and hold on to it, and through this book "The end justifies the means," was created. |
| Isaac Newton | A famous scientist he created the theory of gravity. His ideas soon lead to calculus. |
| Francis Bacon | A famous scientist who stressed experimentation and observation as the best way to learn. |
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