| Term | Definition |
|---|
| became a spy for the union army & worked in DC as a government nurse | Harriet Tubman |
| Dorthea Dix, Superintendant of women nurses for all military hospitals, also: | helped establish 1st hospital for mentally ill & worked to improve treatment of the mentally ill |
| Sojourner Truth | After the Civil war, it was this nurse's misssion to aid the newly freed southern slaves: |
| I, Clara Barton, independently operated a large scale relief operation during the war and: | Volunteered with Massachusetts regiment |
| I Founded the Red Cross in 1882 | Clara Barton |
| Graduating in 1879, I was the first African American graduate nurse in the U.S. | Mary Eliza Mahoney |
| I Cared for British soldiers during the crimean war 1854-1856 & Decreased mortality from 42% to 2% | F. Florence Nightengale |
| I, F. Florence Nightengale, Changed the image of nursing from prisoners, poor, widows, to people with social standing and I: | Wrote "Notes on Nursing" 1859, Founded St. Thomas' Hospital School of Nursing in London 1860, Lady with the lamp |
| Vietnam War | Major advances in medical technology |
| Vietnam War | Most units used & recruiting efforts were made to maintain enough nurses for the wounded |
| In what war did nurses volunteer & instantly become a nurse with no training of any kind? | Civil war |
| Linda Richards | 1st US nursing graduate |
| Mildred Montag | As a post WWII solution to the nursing shortage, I developed the ADN & I taught at a college near Detroit: |
| The Grandfather Clause is there to protect a license to practice & is operated under the 14th ammendment; this ammendment states that: | No state may deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law |
| Defines nursing for a state & is found in the Michigan Public Health Code | The Nurse Practice Act |
| In 1952, I rearched "Community College Education for Nurses" & we are here (in nursing school) thanks to me: | Mildred Montag |
| Cost containment issues & Regulatory Challenges – Access to care are: | Trends for the Future, as well as, Professional Portfolios, & Impact of Societal Influences |
| Environmental Challenges & Lifestyle Challenges are trends for the future as well as: | Demographics - aging population, poverty, cultural diversity, urbanization |
| Aculturation | learning a secondary culture |
| Enculturation | learning one's primary culture |
| Ethnicity | shared affiliation by groups of people related to geographical location, religion, language, etc |
| Ethnocentrism | belief that one's own way of life is better than others |
| Cultural Competence means accepting and respecting cultural differences as well as: | Developing an awareness of one's own existence, sensations, thoughts, and environment without letting them have an undue influence on those from other backgrounds. |
| Cultural Competence is the process of developing or acquiring knowledge, skills, and attitudes, to work effectively within the cultural context of: | individuals, a family or a community from a diverse cultural background which may be different from one's own. |
| Having the skills, knowledge, and understanding about another culture that allow the nurse to assess and intervene in a culturally appropriate manner. | Knowledge about a diverse culture means knowing what questions to ask is part of Cultural Competence as well as: |
| Transcultural Nursing | Specialty within nursing focusing on different cultures and subcultures with regard to their caring behavior, nursing care and health-illness values, beliefs and patterns of behaviors. |
| Examples of primary health care (preventation) are well child check-ups, routine physical exams, & prenatal care as well as: | diagnosis and treatment of common acute illnesses, education of community (safety, bike helmets, car seats, drug prevention, B/P screening) |
| Secondary health care (means actual treatment involved, acute care, serious problems) moved much of historically hospital based care to community, examples of this move are: | out-pt surgery, chemo, diagnostics (MRI, angiography), home health care |
| Examples of Tertiary health care (rehabilitation) | similarly to secondary much has moved from hospital based settings to community, cardiac rehab out-pt, hospice at home care |
| The Broad Goals of Health People 2010 are: | Increase quality and years of healthy life both physically and mentally, Eliminate health disparities |
| All levels of prevention are emphasized in Community Based Health care as well as: | Promotion of and preserving health of populations |
| Healthy Kent 2010 began with Healthy People 2000, The Healthy Kent 2010 motto is: | Community Health through Community action |
| Potential health threats in Kent Co. | Housing, water quality, air standards, food quality, & health care access |
| Why was Project Takeoff initiated? | Michigan ranks 3rd in the nation for obesity, it is the BIGGEST problem we are facing in Kent county |
| Epidemiology is Population focused, applied science, & answers questions like: | who in the population is affected by what disease? What is the occurence in the community? Can causative and risk factors be identified? |
| Mobidity | measure of the frequency of occurrence of disease in a defined population during a specified time. Number of sick persons in relation to the population |
| Incidence | number of new cases developing in a population in a specified time |
| Mortality | measure of the frequency of death in a defined population during a specified time |
| Prevalence | measure of existing disease in a population at a particular time |
| Epidemic | rate of disease or injury exceeds the norm |
| Endemic | Usual expected amount of disease in a population |
| These things make up the epidemiologic triangle: | Host, agent, & environment |
| Web of causation | complex interrelationships, Increases/decreases risk of disease |
| MASH units formed, casualties were treated close to the front, & Antibiotics and medical advances improved mortality and morbidity during the: | Korean conflict |
| Complete this rhyme: I founded planned parenthood & enabled you to wrap your wanger, this should help you remember that my name is Margaret _________. | Sanger |
| In order to write a care plan, you 1st need to choose an actual: | nursing diagnosis |
| I coined the term "public health nurse" in 1893 for nurses who worked outside hospitals in poor and middle-class communities | Lillian Wald |
| Maslow's Heirarchy of needs (in order from bottom to top): Physiological, _________, love & belonging, ____________. | safety, self-actualization |
| In the nursing diagnosis, RT means: | related to |
| AEB, in the nursing diagnosis means | as evidenced by |
| Ethics | rightness of conduct, what ought to be, serves as framework |
| autonomy | independence, your own personal freedom, right to choose treatment or not |
| beneficience | ethical principle that you as a nurse are promoting for a clinet, like giving them pain meds before PT |
| non-maleficence | to do no harm to a client above all, so you don't give an IV because it will hurt, ultimately, the patient decides |
| veracity | telling the truth above all |
| fidelity | keeping your commitment, come right back if you say you'll be right back |
| ethical principal of respect & trust | regardless of your own beliefs, you trust that your client knows what is best for them personally |
| ANA code of ethics includes values, integrity, social reform, as well as: | human dignity, commitment to the patient, health safety & rights of a patient, coolaboration to promote health |
| advancement of the profession, responsible for practice/delegation | are some of the ANA code of ethics, as well as: personal & professional growth, influence practice environment |
| nursing practice act | defines standards for nursing, protect public health & safety, welfare, protection from unqualified nurses |
| patient's self determination act | basis for advance directives, knowing you have a right to execute your advanced directive |
| patient's bill of rights | statement of the rights to which patients are entitled as recipients of medical care |
| life & death, right to know are examples of contemporary ethical issues, as well as: | research, privacy & confidentiality |
| nursing standards of practice | standards governing what you can & cannot do as a nurse |
| ethical responsibility of a nurse | advocacy - protect & support the patient rights |
| accountability - you'll be held accountable for all actions you perform, nursing practice standards | ethical responsibility of a nurse |
| 1953 Louise McManas (the 1st nurse to earn a PHD) established the need for research application in nursing & wrote about: | the need for nurses to think analytically. |
| Why is the process of critical thinking continual? | You make one decision which causes something then you have to critically think about THAT. |
| Not lying when you don't know the answer is an example of which "habit of the mind" for critical thinking? | intellectual integrity |
| Getting the details per situation, getting all the factors is an example of which "habit of the mind" for critical thinking? | contextual perspective |
| Nurses need to be critical thinkers because: | complexity of problems that will be faced |
| how to use strategies to maximize their potential | In nursing, using "think A-B-Cs" (airway, breathing, circulation) is strategy to make you think critically. It is an example of this critical thinking skill: |
| Using the critical thinking skill, reflection or pondering, avoids: | jumping to conclusions |
| Due to research, using the bladder scan, a non-invasive way to measure whether or not there is anything in the bladder, this is an example of: | evidenced based practice (EBP) |
| Process of evidenced based practice (mnemonic - I Saw A Indian Eating) | Identify problem, Search for best evidence, Appraise the evidence, Integrate it w/clinical expertise & patient preference, Evaluate the decision |
| Evidence based practice | Evidence exists that shows doing something specific works. |
| The nursing process directs care & communication, creates a record that can be used for research, and documentation of: | healthcare needs for insurance purposes |
| 5 columns to the care plan: | problem, goal, interventions, rationale, evaluation |
| There are usually how many AEB in a nursing diagnosis? | 1-3 |
| Which of the 5 columns in a care plan is your nursing diagnosis? | problem |
| For each intervention in a careplan, you have a: | rationale |
| There are typically 1-3 Why's in a careplan these "why's" are referred to as: | R/T (related to) |
| HIPAA, privacy act to protect patients, stands for: | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
| What is the major purpose of the privacy rule? | define and limit the circumstances when an individual's protected health information is used or disclosed. (regulate the exchange of electronic information and protect patient confidentiality) |
| PHI stands for Protected Health Information. What exactly is "protected health information"? | Anything at all that can identify a patient |
| PHI is an attempt to: | It is an attempt to allow the sharing of pertinent health information while protecting our patients. |
| How does PHI benefit providers? | Minimizes potential for civil and/or criminal penalties and fines |
| Incidental Use and Disclosure of PHI: | Permissible is a bedside conversation overheard by patient's family or the patient in the next bed...but you don't discuss things in an elevator or something |
| I/O indicators; I/O stands for Intake & Output. Here are some intake & output indicators: | weight, skin turgor, edema, venous filling, tongue, eyeballs, lungs, BP, pulse |
| These are advanced directives: | Living Will, Durable power of attorney |
| Living Will: | Medical treatments, etc., that a person wants if they become ill. |
| Durable Power of Attorney: | The individual that is appointed to make decisions if that person is unable to themselves |
| Ethics is concerned with motives and attitudes and: | the relationship of these attitudes to the good of the individual |
| Paternalism | Acting in what is determined to be someone else's best interest either without seeking the individuals input or ignoring his or her stated preferences |
| accredidation institution nationwide for all acute care settings, they created the "dirty dozen" dangerous abbreviations: | JCAHO |
| The chemical classification of morphine is | opiate |
| The physiologic classification of morphine is | CNS depressant |
| Theraputic classification of morphine is | analgesic |
| After meals | pc |
| before meals | ac |
| chemical name | atomic/molecular name |
| generic name | off brand |
| Side effect | usually mild to moderate & may be transient. It is somewhat expected |
| Paradoxical effect | unique response, usually the opposite of intended effect |
| Idiosyncratic | unusual, unexpected |
| Adverse effects | All non-theraputic responses, unintended, to the normal dose. May be uncomfortable, annoying, to awful. |
| Schedule I | heroin - no medical use, high abuse & dependance potential |
| Schedule II | pot - high abuse & dependence but with some medicinal use |
| Schedule III | vikaden, anabolics - moderate abuse/dependancy, more medical uses |
| Schedule IV | low risk with medical use |
| Lowest risk | some available without prescription |
| Controlled substances are substances that are: | strictly monitored |
| 1906 Food & drug act | When you could no longer prescribe an Rx without good reason, federal law regulated taxed ..... |
| 1938 food, drug, & cosmetic act | protects us from mislabeled or use of drugs |
| Kefauver-Harris Amendment in the early 1960's | had to provide proof of the drug's safety & efficacy, came about due to the thalidomide tragedies |
| harrison narcotic act 1914 | import & export of opiates |
| 1970 comprehensive drug abuse prevention & control act | required to maintain physical security & good records of drug distribution |
| Pharmacodynamics | How the drug affects the body |
| Pharmacokinetics, often referred to as ADME | the effect the body has on the drug |
| Metabolism most often takes place in the: | liver |
| Excretion most often takes place in the: | kidney |
| How long does it take a drug to go through the four phases of clinical trials? | 5-9 years |
| Phase I is 20 - 80 healthy volunteers, Phase II is ________________patients with the targeted problem, Phase III is 1000 - 3000 patients with the targeted problem (gold standard comparison), & phase IV is___________________. | 100 - 300, surveilance of safety & ongoing targets |
| twice a day | bid |
| three times a day | tid |
| four times a day | qid |
| as needed | prn |
| by mouth | po |
| The 5 R's | rights to passing meds - right patient, drug, time, dose, & route |
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