Biology 180 Unit 3
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 positive sense | single stranded virus genome |
| negative sense | double stranded virus genome |
| adaptation | genetic changes in a population in response to natural selection |
| acclimatization | an individual's phenotype changes in response to a change in environmental conditions |
| biome | a type of terrestrial ecosystem that is unique to a given region and characterized by a distinct type of vegetation |
| net primary productivity | the total amount of carbon fixed per year minus the amount of carbon oxidized during cellular respiration |
| hadley cell | responsible for making the amazon river basin wet and the sahara dry |
| biogeography | the study of how organisms are distributed in space |
| disperal | refers to the movement of an individual from the place of birth to the location where it lives and breeds as an adult |
| population | a group of individuals from the same species that live in the same area at the same time |
| population ecology | the study of how and why the number of individuals in a population changes over time |
| demography | the study of factors that determine the size and structure of populations through time |
| life table | summarizes the probability that an individual will survive and reproduce in any given year over the course of its lifetime |
| survivorship | the proportion of offspring produced that survive, on average, to a particular age |
| type I curve | high survivorship throughout life |
| type II curve | constant mortality throughout life |
| type III curve | high death rate early in life |
| fecundity | the number of female offspring produced by each female in the population |
| life history | how an organism allocates resources to growth, reproduction, and activities related to survival |
| exponential growth | occurs when r does not change over time. density independent. |
| community | consists of interacting species, usually within a defined area |
| competitive exclusion | states that it is not possible for species within the same niche to coexist |
| niche differentiation | if niches do not overlap completely, the weaker species is able to retreat into an area of non-overlap |
| fundamental niche | the combination of conditions that the species will occupy in the absence of competitors |
| realized niche | portion of resources used when competition occurs |
| character displacement | change in a species' traits in response to competition |
| mullerian mimicry | when harmful species resemble each other |
| batesian mimicry | when a harmless species resembles a harmful one |
| primary succession | occurs when a disturbance removes the soil and its organisms as well as the organisms above the surface |
| secondary succession | occurs when a disturbance removes some or all of the organisms from an area but leaves the soil intact |
| successional pathway | the specific sequence of species that appears over time after a disturbance |
| facilitation | when the presence of an earlier arriving species makes conditions more favorable for the arrival of certain later species |
| tolerance | existing species do not affect the probability that subsequent species will become established |
| ecosystem | consists of the organisms that live in an area along with certain nonbiological components |
| net primary productivity | energy that is invested in new tissue |
| gross primary productivity | the total amount of photosynthesis in a given area and time period |
| gross photosynthetic efficiency | the ratio of gross photosynthesis to solar radiation |
| biogeochemical cycle | the path than an element takes as it moves from abiotic systems through living organisms and back again |
| soil organic matter | a mixture of partially decomposed detritus rich in a family of carbon-containing molecules called humic acids |
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