5 Written Questions

1. C) heartburn, dysphagia, and pain within one hour of eating.
2. B) viral infection.
3. D) All of the above
4. B) outpouchings of the colon's mucosa.
5. C) Vitamin B12 deficiency

5 Matching Questions

1. Functions of the liver include all of the following except:
   
   A) storage of vitamins.
   B) synthesis of plasma proteins.
   C) metabolic detoxification
   D) secretion of digestive enzymes.
2. Paralytic ileus often occurs after:
   
   A) gastroesophageal reflux resolves.
   B) abdominal surgery.
   C) pregnancy.
   D) vomiting.
3. Symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy are caused by increased serum levels of:
   
   A) ammonia.
   B) potassium.
   C) urea.
   D) creatinine.
4. Which of the following types of diarrhea can be caused by an inability to digest lactose in dairy products?
   
   A) Secretory
   B) Neurogenic
   C) Osmotic
   D) Motility
5. Pepsin is necessary for the digestion of which of the following nutrients?
   
   A) Carbohydrates
   B) Proteins
   C) Lipids
   D) All of the above

1. a D) secretion of digestive enzymes.
2. b B) abdominal surgery.
3. c C) Osmotic
4. d B) Proteins
5. e A) ammonia.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. A) alcoholism.
   1. The presence of digested dark blood in the stool is called:
      
      A) melena.
      B) hematochezia.
      C) hematemesis.
      D) occult bleeding.
   2. The most common cause of chronic gastritis is:
      
      A) viral infection.
      B) bacterial infection.
      C) parasitic infection.
      D) fungal infection.
   3. The most common cause of liver cirrhosis are hepatitis C and:
      
      A) alcoholism.
      B) cocaine abuse.
      C) overdose of antibiotic medications.
      D) liver cancer.
   4. Which of the following structures is not part of the small intestine?
      
      A) Cecum
      B) Ileum
      C) Duodenum
      D) Jejunum
2. D) Increased conjugated bilirubin
   1. Jaundice related to biliary duct obstruction is manifested by which of the following laboratory alterations?
      
      A) Decreased unconjugated bilirubin
      B) Increased unconjugated bilirubin
      C) Decreased conjugated bilirubin
      D) Increased conjugated bilirubin
   2. Common characteristics of Chron disease include which of the following?
      
      A) Significant blood loss in diarrhea
      B) Gastroesophageal reflux
      C) Vitamin B12 deficiency
      D) Mucosal erosions of the rectum
   3. Individuals with chronic gastritis are at risk for developing which of the following problems?
      
      A) Gastric cancer
      B) Achlorhydria
      C) Gastrointestinal bleeding
      D) All of the above
   4. Risk of developing cancer is increased with which of the following gastrointestinal disorders?
      
      A) Duodenal ulcers
      B) Diverticulosis
      C) Ulcerative colitis
      D) Dumping syndrome
3. B) liver cirrhosis.
   1. The most common cause of portal hypertension is:
      
      A) renal failure.
      B) liver cirrhosis.
      C) congestive heart failure.
      D) esophageal varices.
   2. The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis is:
      
      A) narcotic addiction.
      B) gall stones.
      C) alcohol abuse.
      D) diabetes mellitus.
   3. The most common cause of liver cirrhosis are hepatitis C and:
      
      A) alcoholism.
      B) cocaine abuse.
      C) overdose of antibiotic medications.
      D) liver cancer.
   4. The most common cause of chronic gastritis is:
      
      A) viral infection.
      B) bacterial infection.
      C) parasitic infection.
      D) fungal infection.
4. C) pain with eating.
   1. The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis is:
      
      A) narcotic addiction.
      B) gall stones.
      C) alcohol abuse.
      D) diabetes mellitus.
   2. Gastric ulcers are characterized by:
      
      A) increased acid secretion.
      B) regurgitation of bile.
      C) pain with eating.
      D) bloody diarrhea.
   3. The most common cause of chronic gastritis is:
      
      A) viral infection.
      B) bacterial infection.
      C) parasitic infection.
      D) fungal infection.
   4. In the liver, ammonia is converted to:
      
      A) amino acids.
      B) ketoacids.
      C) urea.
      D) bile salts.
5. B) Back-up of blood in the intra-abdominal veins occurs
   1. Which of the following symptoms is associated with hepatic encephalopathy?
      
      A) Ascites, bleeding disorders, and immunosuppression
      B) Peripheral edema, dyspnea, and weight gain
      C) Decreased urinary output, increased serum creatinine, and elevated liver enzymes
      D) Memory loss and confusion, progressing to coma
   2. Which of the following conditions is a complication of gastrointestinal bleeding?
      
      A) Iron deficiency anemia
      B) Polyps
      C) Hypertension
      D) Ascites
   3. Which of the following statements explains why portal hypertension leads to ascites?
      
      A) Hepatosplenomegaly develops
      B) Back-up of blood in the intra-abdominal veins occurs
      C) Esophageal varices form in the lower esophagus
      D) Hemorrhoids can bleed
   4. Which of the following structures prevents reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus?
      
      A) Pyloric sphincter
      B) Fundus
      C) Upper esophageal sphincter
      D) Lower esophageal sphincter

5 True/False Questions

1. In which abdominal quadrant is the appendix located?
   
   A) Right upper
   B) Right lower
   C) Left upper
   D) Left lower → B) Right lower

   True        False

2. Which of the following risk factors increases a person's chance of developing esophageal cancer?
   
   A) Smoking
   B) Alcohol
   C) Gastroesophageal reflux
   D) All of the above → D) All of the above

   True        False

3. Parasympathetic stimulation of the digestive system results in:
   
   A) inhibition of smooth activity in the wall of the small intestine.
   B) increased gastric and pancreatic secretions.
   C) decreased blood flow to the digestive tract.
   D) contraction of the pyloric sphincter. → B) laxative use.

   True        False

4. What is the most common cause of acute mesenteric (vascular) insufficiency?
   
   A) Emboli
   B) Heart failure
   C) Ileus
   D) Anemia → B) liver cirrhosis.

   True        False

5. Complications associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include which of the following?
   
   A) Esophageal ulcerations
   B) Esophageal cancer
   C) Esophageal strictures
   D) All of the above → D) All of the above

   True        False