|
 tobacco | the crop responsible for keeping Jamestown from failing |
| 1492 | the year Columbus discover the New World |
| Spain | the country who funded Columbus' expedition |
| Middle Passage | the trip across the Atlantic Ocean where enslaved Africans became ill and died from harsh treatment |
| Mercantilism | an economic system of trade designed to increase the wealth of a nation through exporting more than it imports |
| Dutch | the original settlers of New York |
| Enlightenment | movement during the 1700's that spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society |
| French and Indian War | a war between the French and English over control of the Ohio River Valley, both sides sought Indian support, established England as a world power, colonial loyality weakened |
| Canada | the land given to Great Britain after the French and Indian War |
| Florida | the colony was claimed by Spain |
| Maryland | the colony was a haven for Catholics, founded by George Calvert |
| John Winthrop | the first Governor of the Massacusettes Bay Colony in 1630 |
| Mayflower Compact | agreement before landing at Plymouth Bay in Massachusetts, Pilgrims agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony |
| the Great Awakening | a major religious revival in the colonies, led by Jonathan Edwards |
| town meetings | the meetings in colonial New England where settlers (male)discussed and voted on issues |
| Benjamin Franklin | a printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father, was highly respected in Europe, discovered electricity |
| King Phillip's War | Native American tribes of New England fought British settlers taking their land, this war ended Indian resistance in New England and left a hatred of whites |
| God, Gold, Glory | three motivating factors behind the European exploration and conquest, to spread Christianity through missionaries, to find new routes to the Spice trade, to gain fame in books, songs, and stories |
| Pennsylvania and Maryland | two colonies established to escape religious persecution |
| Plantation Agriculture | why African slaves were needed in Colonial America |
| fur trading | the successful business of french settlers, recruited Indians to help them trap beaver, caused Indians to go against their own beliefs |
| Puritans | Anglicans in England who wanted to purify their church of Catholic ways, founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Bacon's Rebellion | In 1676, a Virginia planter, led a group of 300 landless settlers in a war against the local Native Americans, Virginia's governor questioned Bacon's actions, Bacon and his men burned Jamestown, increased hostility between the poor and wealthy |
| Salem Witch Trials | 1629 outbreak of accusations in a Puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress, 18 women were hung |
| House of Burgesses | the first elected legislative assembly, established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, set up by England to make laws and levy taxes |
| John Smith | the English explorer who helped found and govern the first successful colony at Jamestown, Virginia |
| Powhatan | powerful chief in the area of Jamestown who agreed to supply corn to the Jamestown colony |
| Joint Stock Company | A business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, they share the profits and the risks |
| Charter | a legal agreement for service under a term of contract, given by the King to explore the New World to increase the Nation's wealth |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | a wealthy investor and explorer of the Americas for England, in1585, sponsored the first English colony Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. |
| Roanoke Colony | (1585-88) called the "Lost Colony.", the first English colony was funded by Sir Walter Raleigh, unsuccessful ships disappeared or turned back |
| John Rolfe | an English settler at Jamestown, married Pocahontas, discovered how to successfully grow, cure, and export tobacco which made Virginia a successful colony. |
| Separatists | people who wanted to have a separate, or different church, also known as Pilgrims. |
| Anne Hutchinson | a Puritan dissenter who was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, fled to Rhode Island in 1638 |
| half-way covenant | it allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; it lessened the difference between the "elect" members from regular members |
| Quakers | a religious group who settled Pennsylvania, very tolerant and nonviolent, led by William Penn |