BJU Chapter 5A Vocabulary
Order by
29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 prophase | During this phase, sister chromatids begin to coil up. |
| metaphase | Sister chromatids line up along the equatorial plane. |
| anaphase | Daughter chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell, pulled by kinetochore fibers. |
| telophase | Chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the nuclear membrane starts to re-form around the daughter chromosomes. |
| cytokinesis | Final phase of cell division when cytoplasm divides, and two daughter cells are formed. |
| interphase | Consists of three stages, G1 - growth, S - replication, and G2 - mitosis preparation. |
| mitosis | The process by which a cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two nuclei. |
| centromere | The middle of a cell, where the sister chromatids line up to attach to each other. |
| sister chromatids | Pairs of attached chromosomes that are lined up at the centromere, and are ready to split. |
| daughter chromosomes | Sister chromatids that have split. |
| daughter cells | The result of cell division, and each daughter cell is capable of dividing again. |
| homologous | Similar, they share the same characteristics in the same order. |
| haploid | A cell that contains a single set of unpaired chromosomes. |
| diploid | Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes. |
| genetics | The study of heredity. |
| gene | Genes are made up of DNA [a segment of DNA that is capable of producing a specific amino acid chain (polypeptide) resulting in a particular characteristic. (BJU definition)]. |
| chromosome | Located inside the nucleus of a cell, it consists of a long, thin section made up of thousands of genes. |
| sperm | Male reproductive cells, or gametes. |
| ovum | A female reproductive cell, or gamete. |
| gametes | In organisms that reproduce sexually, it is a cell that fuses with another during fertilization. |
| isogametes | Reproductive cells that are of similar size and shape from both sexes. |
| heterogametes | Male and female reproductive cells, the smaller sperm fertilizes the larger egg. |
| fertilization | The union of a sperm and an egg, that produces a zygote. |
| spermatogenesis | The development and continuous production of sperm cells. |
| oogenesis | Similar to meiosis, but the sizes of the cells are different, the end result being 3 polar bodies and one ovum. |
| crossing over | An exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. |
| sexual reproduction | A union of haploid gametes. |
| clone | An exact genetic copy of an organism or cell. |
| zygote | The initial cell that is produced by the fusion of two gametes in sexual reproduction. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.