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T/F: Most of the spectacular growth of the colonial population came from immigration rather than natural increase False, it came from natural increase, not immigration T/F: The most numberous white ethnic groups in the colonies were the Germans and the Scots-Irish True T/F: Compared with the seventeenth-century colonies, the eighteenth-century colonies were becoming more socially equal and dmocratic False, they were becoming less T/F: The lowest class of whites in the colonies consisted of the convicted criminals and prisoners shipped to America by British authorities True T/F: Thomas Jefferson's condemnation of British support of the slave trade was removed from the Declaration of Independence by other members of Congress True T/F: The most highly regarded professionals in the colonies were doctors and lawyers False, christian ministers T/F: Besides agriculture, the most important economic activities were fishing, shippng, and ocean-going trade True T/F: Colonial merchants were generally satisfied to trade in protected British markets and accepted imperial restrictions on trade with other countries False, they traded in non-english markets and rebelled against trade restrictions by smuggling T/F: The established Anglican Church was a more powerful force in colonial life than the Congregational Church of New England False, the Congregational Church was more powerful T/F: The Great Awakening was a revival of fervent religion after a period of religious decline caused by clerical over-intellectualism and lay liberlism in doctrine True T/F: Great Awakening revivalists like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield tried to replace the older Puritan ideas of conversion and salvation with more rational and less emotional beliefs False, they tried to revive traditional Puritan beliefs in new contexts T/F: The Great Awakening broke down denominational and sectional barriers, creating a greater sense of a common American identity and a united destiny True T/F: Most early colonial education, including that at the college level, was closely linked with religion True T/F: The greatest colonial cultural achievements came in art and imaginative literature rather than in theology and political theory False, they came in theology and political theory T/F: The central point of conflict in colonial politics was the relation between the democratically elected lower house of the assembly and the governors appointed by the king or colonial proprietor True The primary reason for spectacular growth of America's population in the eighteenth century was: A) the conquering of new territories B) the natural fertility of the population C) the increased importation of white indentured servants and black slaves D) new immigration from Europe B German settlement in the colonies was especially heavy in: A) Massachusetts B) Maryland C) New York D) Pennsylvania D The Scots-Irish eventually became concentrated especially in: A) coastal areas of the Middle Colonies and the South B) the New England colonies C) the frontier areas D) the cities C Compared with the seventeenth century, American colonial society in the eighteenth century showed: A) greater domination by small farmers and artisans B) greater equality of wealth and status C) greater gaps in wealth and status between rich and poor D) greater oppertunity for convicts and indentured servants to climb to the top C The most honored professional in colonial America was the: A) lawyer B) clergyman C) doctor D) journalist B The primary source of livelihood for most colonial Americans was: A) manufacturing B) agriculture C) lumbering D) commerce and trade B Indians and African Americans shared in the common American experience of: A) migrating westward in search of free land B) creating new cultures and societies out of the mingling of diverse ethnic groups C) forming closed, settled communities that resisted outsiders D) clinging to traditional cultural values brought from the Old World B An unfortunate group of involuntary immigrants who ranked even below indentured servants on the American social scale were: A) the younger sons of English gentry B) French-Canadian fur traders C) convicts and paupers D) single women C The "triangular trade" involved the sale of rum, molasses, and slaves among the ports of: A) Virginia, Canada, and Britain B) the West Indies, France, and South America C) New Engalnd, Britain, and Spain D) New England, Africa, and the West Indies D The passage of British restrictions on trade encouraged colonial merchants to: A) organize political resistance in the British Parliament B) find ways to smuggle and otherwise evade the law by trading with other countries C) turn to domestic trade within the colonies D) turn from trading to such other enterprises as fishing and manufacturing B Besides offering rest and refreshment, colonial taverns served an important function as centers of: A) news and political opinion B) trade and business C) medicine and law D) religious revival A The Anglican Church suffered in colonial America because of: A) its strict doctrines adn hierarchical church order B) its poorly qualified clergy and close ties with British authorities C) its inability to adjust to conditions of life in New England D) its reputation for fostering fanatical revivalism B The two denominations that enjoyed the status of "established" churches in various colonies were the: A) Quakers and Dutch Reformed B) Baptists and Lutherans C) Anglicans and Congregationalists D) Roman Catholics and Presbyterians C Among the many important results of The Great Awakening was that it: A) broke down sectional boundaries and created a greater sense of common American identity B) contributed to greated religious liberalism and toleration in the churches C) caused a decline in colonial concern for education D) moved Americans closer to a single religious outlook A A primary weapon used by colonial legislatures in their conflicts with royal governors was: A) extending the franchise to include almost all adult white citizens B) passing laws prohibiting the governors from owning land or industries C) voting them out of office D) using their power of the purse to withhold the governor's salary D Name: Corruption of a German word used as a term for German immigrants in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Dutch Name: Ethnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the Western frontier of the middle and southern colonies Scots-Irish Name: Rebellious movement of frontiersmen in the southern colonies that included future President Andrew Jackson Regulators Name: Popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities Jayle birds Name: Term for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized Praying towns Name: A once-despised profession that rose in prestige after 1750 because of practitioners defended colonial rights lawyer Name: Small but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa, and the West Indies triangle trade Name: Popular colonial centers of recreation, gossip, and political debate taverns Name: Term for tax-supported condition of Congregational and Anglican churches, but not of Baptists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics established Name: Spectacular, emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s The Great Awakening Name: Ministers who supported the Great Awakening against the "old light" clergy who rejected it "new lights" Name: Institutions that were founded in greater numbers as a result of the Great Awakening, although a few had been founded earlier colleges Name: The case that established the precedent that true statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel Zenger case Name: the upper house of a colonial legislature, appointed by the crown or the proprietor council Name: Benjamin Franklin's highly popular collection of information, parables, and advice Poor Richard's Almanac Match: Itinerant British evangelist who spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies George Whitefield Match: Colonial printer whose case helped begin freedom of the press John Peter Zuger Match: Colonial painter who studied and worked in Britain John Singleton Copley Match: Leading city of the colonies; home of Benjamin Franklin Philadelphia Match: Largest non-English group in the colonies African Americans Match: Dominant religious group in colonial Pennsylvania, critized by others for their attitudes toward Indians Quakers Match: Former slave who became a poet at an early age Philis Wheatley Match: Scots-Irish frontiersmen who protested against colonial elites of Pennsylvania and North Carolina Paxton Boys and Regulators Match: Attempt by British authorities to squelch colonial trade with French West Indies Molasses Act Match: Brilliant New England theologian who instigated the Great Awakening Jonathan Edwards Match: Group that settled the frontier, made whiskey, and hated the British and other governmental authorities Scots-Irish Match: Nonestablished religious group that benefited from the Great Awakening Baptists Match: Author, scientist, printer; "the first civilized American" Benjamin Franklin Match: Eloquent lawyer-orator who argued in defense of colonial rights Patrick Henry Match: Established religion in southern colonies and New York; weakened by lackadaisical clergy and too-close ties with British crown Anglican Church Order (first 5): Since I doubt we have to know the order of these exactly, just read the other side of the card :] -First southern college to train Anglican clergy is founded -First medical attempts are made to prevent dreaded disease epidemics -Benjamin Franklin starts printing his most famous publication -Parliament attempts to restrict colonial trade with French West Indies -A fiery, intellectual preacher sets off a powerful religious revival in New England Order (last 5): Since I doubt we have to know the order of these exactly, just read the other side of the card :] -Epochal freedom of the press case is settled -An eloquent British preacher spreads evangelical religion through the colonies -Princeton College is founded to train "new light" ministers -Britian vetoes colonial effort to halt slave importation -Scots-Irish protestors stage armed marches C/E: This prompted colonial assemblies to withold royal governors' salaries The appointment of unpopular or incompetent royal governors to colonies C/E: This created the condition for the Great Awakening to erupt in the early eighteenth century Dry over-intellectualism and loss of religious commitment C/E: This resulted in the development of a colonial "melting pot", only one-half English by 1775 The heavy immigration of Germans, Scots-Irish, Africans, and others into the colonies C/E: This was met by British attempts to restrict colonial trade, e.g, the Molasses Act American merchants' search for non-British markets C/E: This increased the wealth of the eighteenth-century colonial elite The large profits made by merchants as military suppliers for imperial wars C/E: This led to hte increase of American population to one-third of England's in 1775 The high natural fertility of the colonial population C/E: This forced the migration of colonial artists to Britain to study and pursue artistic careers The lack of artistic concerns, cultural tradition, and leisure in the colonies C/E: This marked the beginnings of freedom of printed political expression in the colonies The Zenger Case C/E: This reinforced colonial property qualifications for voting Upper-class fear of "democratic excesses" by poor whites C/E: This stimulated a fervent, emotional style of religion, denominational divisions, and a greater sense of inter-colonial American identity The Great Awakening T/F: The Scots- Irish immigrants were involved very little in tobacco cultivation True Q. What agricultural activities were most of the Dutch immigrants involved in? Cattle and grain Q. With what part of the agricultural economy were African American slaves most involved? Rice, indigo, tobacco Q. Which major immigrant group may have had some involvement in the colonial iron industry? Germans Q. Which colony contained the largest concentration of French immigrants? South Carolina Q. Which section contained the fewest non-English minorities? New England