MOD C chapter 2 anatomy and physiology of the digestive system
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 absorption | taking in of nutrients through the stomach and small intestines |
| digestion | physical and chemical breakdown of food |
| elimination | expelling of body wastes |
| bolus | food broken down by chewing and mixed with saliva ready to be swallowed |
| regurgitation | reflux into the esophagus of stomach acids and food |
| celiac spure | hereditary malabsorption disease coupled with mucosal damage to the small intestine cause by gluten intolerance |
| intussusception | telescoping of one part of the intestine into another; usually occurs in the ileocecal area |
| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of the mucosa of the colon |
| the process of digestion | to breakdown complex food into simpler substances |
| the 4 stages the GI system moves nutrients | ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination |
| 8 areas and digestive organs nutrients pass during digestion | the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anal cavity |
| buccal | cheek |
| maxilla | forms the upper jaw |
| mandible | forms the lower jaw to hold teeth |
| mastication | chewing |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| deciduous teeth | baby teeth |
| how many baby teeth are there | 20 |
| how many incisors are there | 4 |
| esophagus | a muscular tube 9 to 10 inches long |
| fundus | upper expanded portion of the stomach beside the cardiac region |
| rugae | mucous membrane that contains folds |
| small intestine is | 23 feet long |
| duodenum | begins at the pyloric sphincter of the stomach and is only about 110 inches long |
| bile | breaks down fats |
| jejunum | extends between the duodenum and the ileum and is about 8 feet in length |
| villi | finger-like projections that contain capillaries |
| lacteals | return nutrients to the lymphatic system |
| hepatic portal system | the way nutrients travel to the liver |
| ileum | connects to the first part of the large intestine |
| ileoceal valve | allows waste material to pass from the ileum into the cecum |
| colon or large intestine is how long | about 5 feet in length |
| the 2nd of the colon's function is to | synthesize and absorb B-complex vitamins |
| ascending colon | travels up (vertical) |
| transverse colon | moves across the abdomen |
| descending colon | travels down the left side |
| sigmoid colon | is the S-shaped |
| rectum | stores all the nondigestible wastes until the leave to system |
| anal canal is | about 11/2 inches in length |
| which do not have a part of digestive tract, but play a role in digestive activities | liver, gallbladder and pancreas |
| the liver, gallbladder and pancreas all empty their secretions into what | the duodenum |
| liver | the largest organ in the body |
| one function of the liver is to | produce bile |
| saliva | lubricates bolus of food ; facilitates mixing food |
| metabolism | the change, both physical and chemical, that food nutrients undergo after absorption in the small intestine |
| anabolism | buildup |
| catabolism | breakdown |
| colonoscopy | visualization of the large intestine |
| laparoscopy | endoscopic examination of the interior of the peritoneal cavity |
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