Ms. Kasem Chapter 5 Vocabulary
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Selectively permeable | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot. |
| Diffusion | The process by which molecules move from an area in which they are highly concentrated to an area in which they are less concentrated. |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Passive transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy. |
| Active transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy. |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which plants and some other organisms capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water. |
| Chlorophyll | A substance that gives chloroplasts their green color and captures light energy during photosynthesis. |
| Respiration | The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain. |
| Fermentation | The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen. |
| Cell cycle | The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo. |
| Interphase | The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs; during this stage, the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares to divide. |
| Replication | The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus. |
| Mitosis | The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell. |
| Chromatid | One of the pair of the identical rods of a chromosome. |
| Cytokinesis | The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells. |
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