1.
associationism: Aristotle outlines the laws of ________, which are still at the heart of learning theory more then 2,000 years later
2.
basic research: is research that has no immediate application and is done for its own sake
3.
behavior: is any action that people can observe or measure
4.
behaviorism: defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior; founded by John Watson
5.
cognitive activities: mental processes
6.
cognitive perspective: emphasizes the role that thoughts play in determining behavior
7.
functionalism: emphasizes the purpose of behavior and mental processes and what they accomplish for the individual; founded by William James
8.
Gestalt psychology: emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions of individual parts into meaningful wholes
9.
introspection: means "looking within"
10.
learning perspective: emphasizes the effects of experiences on behavior
11.
principle: a basic truth or law
12.
psychiatrist: is a medical doctor who specializes in the treatment of psychological problems and who can prescribe medication for clients
13.
psychoanalysis: emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts as determinants of human behavior; founded by Sigmund Freud
14.
psychodynamic thinking: assumed most of what exist in an individual's mind is unconscious and consists of conflicting impulses, urges, and wishes
15.
psychological constructs: theoretical entries, or concepts, that enable one to discuss something that cannot be seen, touched, or measured directly
16.
psychology: is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
17.
social-learning theory: suggests that people can change their environments or create new ones
18.
structuralism: conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subject feelings; founded by Wilhelm Wundt
19.
theory: a statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are and why they happen the way they do