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joint-stock companies Who: the English What: people invested money into a company/colony and then it grew, they made profits When: the early 1600's Where: the New World Why: it helped established Jamestown and other colonies Virginia Company Who: King James I What: a joint-stock company that created the first permanent English colony When: 1607 Where: America Why: founded Jamestown Jamestown Who: the English What: the first permanent English colony in America When: 1607 Where: along the James river Why: the people suffered great hardships and almost died of starvation; the tobacco industry saved them Captain John Smith Who: a leader who helped Jamestown survive What: guided the people in the colony When: 1607 Where: Jamestown Why: his leadership lead the colony of Jamestown to prosperity John Rolfe; Pocahontas Who: an English leader and his Indian wife What: they established the tobacco company in Jamestown When: early 1600's Where: Jamestown Why: because of them, Jamestown prospered from the tobacco and was able to remain a colony royal colony Who: the English; the monarchs What: when a colony is taken under control by a king or queen When: the 1600's Where: Virginia Why: this created the official community of Virginia Puritans Who: a group of English christian people What: they established two colonies out of religious motivation: Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay When: 1600's Where: the eastern coast of America Why: they created religious conflict and their main reason for colonizing was to convert the Natives Plymouth Colony Who: the Pilgrims What: the first settlement established by the Pilgrims When: 1620 Where: the east coast of America Why: to give the Pilgrims a place of independent worship Separatists; Pilgrams Who: a group of Puritans who rejected the idea of reforming the Church of England What: they organized a completely separate church When: 1620 Where: they arrived in America and in stead of going to Jamestown, they decided to establish their own colony at Plymouth Mayflower; Mayflower Compact Who: the Pilgrims What: a ship that took 100 passengers to the New World; a document stating the beliefs and duties of Plymouth When: 1620 Where: Plymouth Why: it was a form of government for the colonists Massachusetts Bay Who: the Puritans What: a colony founded by the Puritans to gain religious freedom When: 1629 Where: Massachusetts Why: lead to the founding of Boston John Winthrop Who: a leader for the puritans What: he led around 1,000 Puritans to join the Massachusetts Bay colony When: 1630 Where: Massachusetts Why: to be free from monarchs; founded Boston Great Migration Who: English settlers What: a civil war in England let many people to migrate to the New World When: the 1630's Where: Massachusetts Why: 15,000 people came to live in Massachusetts Bay colony Virginia House of Burgess Who: leaders of the Virginia Company What: to create an organized and lawful society When: 1619 Where: Jamestown and Virginia Why: the Virginia Company wanted to settle at Jamestown, so they had to make a document to guarantee that the colonists had the same rights as in England corporate colonies Who: the English (mostly Puritans) What: operated by joint-stock companies When: the early 1600's Where: (example) Jamestown Why: one of the three types of colonies; only focused on the corporation and money royal colonies Who: the English What: colonies under the official rule of the king When: early 1600's Where: (example) Virginia Why: one of the three types of colonies; the only type of colony that has a direct relationship with the king proprietary colonies Who: the English What: the authority of the colony was under the leadership of individuals who had been granted charters from the king When: early 1600's Where: Maryland, Pennsylvania, ect. Why: one of the three types of colonies; the only colonies with independent authority from the king Chesapeake colonies Who: King Charles I; George Calvert What: the divided portion of Virginia When: 1632 Where: Virginia Why: the first proprietary this created a new colony on either side of the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland) George Calvert; Lord Baltimore Who: a first leader of Maryland What: was granted this colony out of loyalty to the king When: early 1600's Where: Virginia area Why: he lead the first proprietary colony Cecil Calvert; Lord Baltimore Who: the second Lord Baltimore What: took over the Maryland proprietorship from his father, who died When: 1634 Where: Maryland Why: established the first law granting religious freedom to christians Act of Toleration Who: Cecil Calvert What: an act that granted religious freedom to christians When: 1649 Where: Maryland Why: it was the first act that established tolerance for all religions that included Jesus in their beliefs Virginia Who: the English; House of Burgesses What: Virginia faced, rebellion and other hard times When: early 1600's Where: Virginia Why: Virginia was forced to lower prices of tobacco due to overproduction; this brought hard times to Virginia Sir William Berkeley Who: the royal governor of Virginia What: he adopted policies that helped large planters When: mid-late 1600's Where: Virginia Why: his ruling lead to Bacon's rebellion Bacon's rebellion Who: Nathaniel Bacon, and impoverished farmer What: he lead an army of volunteers to rebel against the government; defeated the governor's forces and burnt the Jamestown settlement When: late 1600's Where: Jamestown Why: he resented the governmental control indentured servants Who: young people from British Isles What: people who worked for a master who paid for their passage; worked for between 4 and 7 years When: 1600's Where: the colonies Why: an early attempt to solve the labor problems in Virginia failed and lead to slaves and the ultimate dependence of slaves headright system Who: immigrants What: a system that offered new immigrants land When: 1600's Where: Virginia Why: to bring more people to the colony slavery Who: Africans; colonists What: Africans were sent to Virginia and were treated as indentured servant, but later the House of Burgesses passed a law discriminating against blacks and whites When: 1600's Where: Virginia Why: the first African slaves in America Roger Williams Who: a Puritan priest who quit the church and began to preach against it What: his teachings got him banished from the Puritan community at Plymouth When: early 1600's Where: the colonies Why: he and his followers left the Puritans and founded Providence; founded one of the first Baptist churches Providence Who: Roger Williams What: a new, unique colony When: 1636 Where: Narragansett Bay Why: it was the first colony to appreciate the rights of Native Americans and to pay them for use of land; it was the first colony to allow complete religious tolerance Anne Hutchison Who: a dissident who questioned the teachings of the Puritans What: believed in antinomianism When: early 1600's Where: Portsmouth Why: founded Portsmouth colony; was killed in Long Island due to an Indian uprising antinomianism Who: Anne Hutchison What: "faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation" When: early 1600's Where: Portsmouth Why: to break away from the Puritan's teachings Rhode Island Who: Roger Williams What: a combination of Providence and Portsmouth When: 1644 Where: Rhode Island Why: had complete religious freedom; served as a refuge for people of many different faiths Thomas Hooker Who: a reverend who established Hartford What: led a group of Boston Puritans When: 1636 Where: Hartford Why: founded Hartford which established the first constitution in American history Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Who: the people and leaders of Hartford What: a document that established a government elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by the legislature When: 1639 Where: Hartford Why: it was the first constitution in American history John Davenport Who: John Davenport What: created a second settlement close to Hartford, called New Haven When: 1637 Where: New Haven Why: founded New Haven Connecticut Who: New Haven and Hartford settlers What: a combination of New Haven and Hartford When: 1665 Where: Connecticut Why: the royal charted granted it to a limited degree of self government New Hampshire Who: King Charles II What: a separation from the Massachusetts Bay When: 1679 Where: northern Boston Why: "to increase royal control over the colonies" Halfway Covenant Who: the Puritans What: an offer to maintain the church's influence on the new generation; people could participate in church activities without declaring belief in Christ When: the 1660's Where: the Puritans colonies Why: it was to ensure that there would be more members int the church New England Confederation Who: Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, New Haven What: a military alliance When: the 1640s Where: New England Why: to protect each other from the Indians, Dutch, and French Metacom; King Phillip's War Who: Chief of the Wampanoags What: united many tribes around New England to rebel against the english settlers; resulted in a bloody war When: 1675-1676 Where: New England Why: the first major war outbreak between New Englanders and the Indians Restoration Colonies Who: King Charles II What: new colonies founded during the restoration of the english monarchy When: late 17th Century Where: New England Why: it celebrated the restoration of King Charles II the Carolinas Who: Charles II; 8 noblemen from the war What: land between Virginia and Spanish Florida granted to the noblemen by Charles II When: 1729 Where: between Virginia and Florida Why: it greatly increased the land settled by the English rice-growing plantations Who: colonists from England What: rice-growing plantations When: the middle of the 18th century Where: South Carolina Why: helped the colony grow tobacco farms Who: farmers from Virginia and New England What: tobacco farms When: the 1600's Where: North Carolina Why: the main plantation in NC New York Who: Duke of York What: New Amsterdam that got taken over by the English When: 1664 Where: New York Why: Charles II wanted to close the gap between New England and the Chesapeake colonies New Jersey Who: Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret What: James thought that New York was too big to administer, so he have two friends sections of the colony When: Late 1600s Where: New Jersey Why: to make New York smaller Pennsylvania Who: William Penn; the Quakers What: a new founded colony based on the beliefs of the Quakers; was granted to William out of a royal debt When: 1681 Where: west of New Jersey; on the Delaware River Why: it was a very liberal colony provided refuge for persecuted people and any people seeking freedom; very diverse Delaware Who: William Penn What: the lower counties of Pennsylvania became a separate colony When: 1702 Where: the lower colonies of Pennsylvania Why: created a separate colony Georgia Who: the English What: the last colony to be founded; the only colony to receive direct financial support from London When: 1732 Where: the South Why: to create a defense against the Spanish; to protect South Carolina; to provide a place for jails, away of the other settlements James Oglethorpe Who: a leader of philanthropists What: founded Georgia's first settlement When: Early 1700's Where: Georgia Why: founded Savannah, Georgia mercantilism Who: the English What: a policy that included trade, colonies, and wealth When: the 17th Century Where: the colonies Why: the establish the that colonies were only there the enrich England Navigation Acts Who: the English government What: established rules that restricted good only to England and the colonies When: 1650-1673 Where: England; the colonies Why: to protect the colonies from attack the Domination of New England Who: King James II What: an Act the combined all the the New England colonies When: 1685 Where: the colonies Why: to increase royal power Sir Edmund Andros Who: Sir Edmund Andros What: was sent to the colonies by King James II When: late 1600s Where: the Domination of New England Why: to govern the Domination of New England the Glorious Revolt Who: the English What: a rebel against the king When: 1688 Where: England/New England Why: because he had taken away many rights and made the taxes higher triangular trade; slave trade Who: English; Africans What: a trade route with the Africans that followed a triangular route When: the 17 century Where: the Atlantic Ocean Why: helped the English gain slaves and goods Middle Passage Who: African slaves What: a frightening passage from Africa to the West Indies When: 17th Century Where: the Atlantic Ocean Why: the Africans were traded for sugar