| Term | Definition |
|---|
| enclosure movement | marks the beginning of the commercialization of agriculture. Wealthy landowners bought up peasant land in order to use new new farming techniques more economically |
| Tull | Created the Seed Drill, Supported use of the iron plow |
| Townsend | Brought Dutch farming ideas to England, including crop rotation and the use of fodder crops |
| Bakewell | He advocated for selected breeding of animals to increase desired traits |
| Netherlands | The agricultural revolution began here |
| open field | medieval farming technique where communities farmed their strips of land as a community. Required that 1/2 to 2/3 of the fields go fallow (unplanted) each year |
| Young | His Annals of Agriculture were a publication about farming techniques |
| wage earners | former small landowners did not move to the cities as a result of the enclosure movement, most of them became ____________ |
| Britain | The home of the industrial revolution |
| London | The largest city in Europe |
| countryside | The beginning of the Industrial Revolution began in this British setting |
| domestic system | urban merchants using peasant labor in the country to turn raw wool into fabric |
| putting out system | also known as the domestic system |
| flying shuttle | James Kay's invention that increased the productivity of weavers to catch up to the spinners |
| spinning jenny | created by James Hargreaves it allowed 16 spindles of thread to be spun |
| water frame | This invention by Robert Arkwright took production from the home to factories near waterways |
| power loom | Edmund Cartwright's invention for machine weaving |
| steam engine | James Watt's invention that allowed for factories away from streams and rivers, hence moving the industrial revolution to the cities |
| mining | Thomas Newcomen's invention was large and immovable, but it proved helpful in pumping water in this industry |
| Watt | His engine would also be used to pump water from mines, but his design of the steam engine was more efficient |
| coke | This product, a biproduct of coal allowed for an increase in quality and demand of iron |
| iron | metal vital to the industrial revolution |
| Cort | His puddling process allowed for more impurities to be removed from iron ore, leading to stronger iron |
| women | The agricultural and industrial revolution reduced the importance of their work |
| prostitution | the devaluation of women's work led to lower wagers which in turn forced some women to take up black market jobs such as this practice |
| Wakefield | In response to the devaluation of women's work she called for more opportunities for women |
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