study guide for chapter 13 biology
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10 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 explain the concept of evolution. | -heritable genectic change in populations or groups of populations over time -changes in gene pool |
| what are evolutionary adaptations? give some examples. | Characteristics that increase ability to servive and reproduce in a particular environment -structural changes -biochemical reactions -behaviors- such as hiding -anything under genetic control that provides some sort of advantage |
| explain the various evidences of evolution and give some examples of each | a.Fossil record-are windows to the past b.Biogeography-Distribution of organisms-where they were found and how long they were their c. Comparitive anatomy: Similarities and differences in structure. What are homologous structures? similar due to ancestry. analogous structures? Similar lifestyles but different ancestry. give examples. d. Comparitive embryology-comparitive embryology e. Molecular evidence- |
| explain natural selection as a mechanism of evolution. Give examples of natural selection | Environment determines which genes are passed onto the next generation -based on which individuals successfully durvive and reproduce natural selection -genetic variation -overproduction of offspring -struggle for existence -differential survival and reproduction |
| Compare natural selection to artificial selection | artificial selection -humans select which genes are passed onto the next generation -based on characteristics that humans find valuable or disirable |
| what is microevolution? | Evolution with a single evolution |
| identify potential causes of microevolution and give examples: | a.Genetic drift-Changes in gene pool of populations due to random chance, has a bigger affect on smaller populations b.Bottleneck effect- changes in gene pool of populations due to some event, drastically reduces population c.Founder effect- New population established by very small number of individuals (founders)-by chance, founder group has a different allele mix than original populations d.Gene flow-movement of alleles between populations IMMIGRATION: movement of alleles into a population. EMIGRATION: movement of alleles out of population e.Mutations: can add new alleles to a population-mutations are primary source of genetic variation in asexual populations |
| explain the concept of evolutionary fitness | Darwins concept: an organism is more fit if it has more offspring that successfully reproduce compared to others in the population-more fertile offspring=higher fitness |
| what is sexual selection? what is the relationship of sexual selection to evolutionary fitness? | some characteristics influence individuals chance of mating. individuals may have shorter life but will have better chances of mating and producing offspring. |
| current issue: Read the section on antibiotic resistance pn page 272. How does this issue relate to evolution? | ... |
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