3.1 - Chemistry of Life Reading
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khambattaa on August 25, 2011
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Biology 3.1
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Elements | Basic Units of Pure Substances |
| Atom | Smallest Part of an element that can take part in chemical change |
| Protons | Positively Charged Particles |
| Neutrons | Uncharged Particles |
| Electrons | Negatively charged particles |
| Molecule | A Group like or different atoms held together by chemical forces |
| Compound | Two or more elements chemically combined together |
| Organic Compounds | Compounds built from carbon |
| Four Groups | Carbohydrate, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids |
| Common Elements | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (99% of matter consists of this) |
| Ions | Formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to form negatively or positively charged ions |
| Covalent Bonding | Sharing of Electrons |
| Polar Molecule | Unequal distribution of electrical charge within it |
| Specific Heat Capacity | Heat required to raise the temperature of water |
| Latent Heat of Vaporization | Energy Required to to turn liquid into a gas; Also the amount of heat energy it takes to remove from water to turn into ice |
| Cohesion | Force by which individual molecules stick together |
| Adhesion | Force by which individual molecules cling to surrounding material and surfaces |
| Hydrophilic | Materials with an affinity for water |
| Surface Tension | Related to the property of cohesion |
| Low Viscosity | Below Surface, water molecules slide past each other very easily |
| Hydrophobic | Non-polar substances |
| Polarity | The direction of a magnetic or electric field |
| Hydrogen Bonds | With water molecules, the positively charged hydrogen atoms of one molecule are attracted to negatively charged oxygen atoms of nearby water molecules by forces |
| Solvent | The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution |
| Metabolic Reactions | Processes and chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital functions |
| Sulfur | It is a component of amino acids; in some vitamins |
| Calcium | Calcium helps develop bone structure; muscle fibre contraction |
| Phosphorous | Essential for plant growth and reproduction; ATP |
| Iron | It is a component of hemoglobin, it is the red pigment that transports oxygen to the cells and takes carbon from them -- Constituent of electron transport molecules |
| Sodium | Involved with potassium in membrane functions |
| Thermal properties | Heat energy/Heat loss is needed to raise the temperature |
| Coolant | Blood in the body cools your body so that the temperature stays stable |
| Medium for metabolic reactions | A good solvent and stable and non-reactive |
| Transport medium | Movement of material through the cell membrane |
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